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Nothingcanserveasacorrectiveoftheculturaltrendgivenbythemachinedisciplineexceptwhatcanbeputintheformofabusinessproposition。Thequestionofneutralizingtheuntowardeffectsofthemachinedisciplineresolvesitselfintoaquestionastotheculturalworkandconsequencesofbusinessenterprise，andoftheculturalvalueofbusinessprinciplesinsofarastheyguidesuchhumanendeavorasliesoutsidetherangeofbusinessenterpriseproper。Itisnotaquestionofwhatoughttobedone，butofwhatisthecourselaidoutbybusinessprinciples；thediscretionrestswiththebusinessmen，notwiththemoralists，andthebusinessmen’sdiscretionisboundedbytheexigenciesofbusinessenterprise。Eventhebusinessmencannotallowthemselvestoplayfastandloosewithbusinessprinciplesinresponsetoacallfromhumanitarianmotives。Thequestion，therefore，remains，onthewhole，aquestionofwhatthebusinessmenmaybeexpectedtodoforculturalgrowthonthemotiveofprofits。
Somethingtheyaredoing，asothersare，frommotivesofbenevolence，withawell-advisedendeavortomaintaintheculturalgainsofthepastandtomakethewayoflifesmootherformankindinthefuture。Butthemoresecureandsubstantialresultstobelookedforinthisdirectionarethosethatfollowincidentally，asbyproductsofbusinessenterprise，becausethesearenotdependentonthevagariesofpersonalpreference，tastes，andprejudices，butrestonabroadinstitutionalbasis。
Theeffectsofbusinessenterpriseuponthehabitsandtemperofthepeople，andsouponinstitutionalgrowth，arechieflyofthenatureofsequelae，Ithasalreadybeennotedthatthedisciplineofbusinessemploymentsisofaconservativenature，tendingtosustaintheconventionsthatrestonnatural-rightsdogma，becausetheseemploymentstrainthemenengagedinthemtothinkintermsofnaturalrights。Itisunnecessarytoreturntothistopichere，excepttonoticethat，initsseverer，moreunmitigatedform，thisdisciplineinpecuniaryhabitsofthoughtfallsonagraduallylesseningproportionofthepopulation。Theabsolutenumberofbusinessmen，countingprincipalsandsubordinates，is，ofcourse，notdecreasing，Thenumberofmeninbusinesspursuits，inproportiontothepopulation，isalsoapparentlynotdecreasing；butwithinthebusinessemploymentsalargerproportionareoccupiedwithofficeroutine，andsoarewithdrawnfromthemoreeffectualtraininggivenbybusinessmanagementproper。Ifsuchadecreaseoccursinanycountry，itisalmostcertainlynottobefoundinanyothercountrythanAmerica。
Thisbusinessdisciplineissomewhatcloselylimitedbothinscopeandrange。(1)Itactstoconserve，ortorehabilitate，acertainrestrictedlineofinstitutionalhabitsofthought，viz。
thosepreconceptionsofnaturalrightswhichhavetodowithproperty。Whatitconserves，therefore，isthebourgeoisvirtuesofsolvency，thrift，anddissimulation。Thenoblerandmorespectaculararistocraticvirtues，withtheircorrelativeinstitutionalfurniture，arenotinanysensibledegreefortifiedbythehabitsofbusinesslife。Businesslifedoesnotfurtherthegrowthofmannerandbreeding，prideofCaste，punctiliosof“honor，“orevenreligiousfervor。(2)Thesalutarydisciplineofbusinesslifetouchesthebulkofthepopulation，theworkingclasses，inaprogressivelylessintimateandlessexactingmanner。Itcan，therefore，notservetocorrectorevengreatlytomitigatethematter-of-factbiasgiventheseclassesbythedisciplineofthemachineprocess。
Asadirectdisciplinaryfactorthemachineprocessholdsoverthebusinessemployments，inthatittoucheslargerclassesofthecommunityandinculcatesitscharacteristichabitsofthoughtmoreunremittingly，Andanyreturntomorearchaicmethodsofindustry，suchasissometimesadvocatedonartisticgrounds，seemshopeless，sincebusinessinterestsdonotcountenanceadiscontinuanceofmachinemethods，Themachinemethodsthatarecorruptingtheheartsandmannersoftheworkmenareprofitabletothebusinessmen，andthatfactseemstobedecisiveonthepoint。Adirect，advisedreturntohandicraft，oranysimilardiscontinuanceofthemachineindustry，isoutofthequestion；althoughsomethinginthewayofapartialreturntomoreprimitivemethodsofindustryneednotbeimpracticableasaremoteandindirectconsequenceoftheworkingofbusinessenterprise。
Theindirectorincidentalculturalbearingofbusinessprinciplesandbusinesspracticeiswide-reachingandforceful。
Businessprincipleshaveapeculiarholdupontheaffectionsofthepeopleassomethingintrinsicallyrightandgood。Theyarethereforedrawnonforguidanceandconvictioneveninconcernsthatarenotconceivedtobeprimarilybusinessconcerns。So，e。g。，theyhavepermeatedtheeducationalsystem，thoroughlyandintimately。Theirpresence，asanelementofcommonsense，inthecounselsofthe“educators“showsitselfinanaiveinsistenceonthe“practical“whenevertheschemeofinstructionisunderadvisement。“Practical“meansusefulforprivategain。Anynewdepartureinpublicinstruction，whetherinthepublicschoolsorinprivateendowedestablishments，isscrutinizedwiththistestinmind；whichresultsinaprogressive，thoughnotwhollyconsistent，narrowingofinstructiontosuchlearningasisdesignedtogiveareadyapplicationofresultsratherthanasystematicorganizationofknowledge。Theprimarytestisusefulnessforgettinganincome。Thesecondarytest，practicallyappliedwherelatitudeisallowedinthewayof“culture“
studies，istheaptnessoftheinstructioninquestiontofitthelearnersforspendingincomeinadecorousmanner。Hencequasi-scholarlyaccomplishments。Muchofthecurrentcontroversyastotheinclusionorexclusionofonethingandanotherfromthecurrentcurriculumofsecondaryandhigherschoolsmightbereducedtotermsofoneortheotherofthesetwopurposeswithoutdoingviolencetotheargumentsputforthandwithagreatgaininconcisenessandlucidity。
Thereisalsoalargeresorttobusinessmethodsintheconductoftheschools；withtheresultthatasystemofscholasticaccountancyisenforcedbothasregardstheworkoftheteachersandtheprogressofthepupils；whencefollowsamechanicalroutine，withmechanicaltestsofcompetencyinalldirections。Thislowersthevalueoftheinstructionforpurposesofintellectualinitiativeandareasonedgraspofthesubject-matter。Thisclassoferuditionisratherahindrancethanahelptohabitsofthinking。Itconducestoconvictionratherthantoinquiry，andisthereforeaconservativefactor。
Intheendowedschoolsthereis，moreover，anincreasingintroductionofbusinessmenandbusinessmethodsintothepersonnelandtheadministrativework。Thisisnecessarilysosincetheseschoolsarecompetitorsforstudentsandendowments。
Thepolicyoftheseschoolsnecessarilytakesonsomethingofthecomplexionofcompetitivebusiness；whichthrowstheemphasisonthosefeaturesofschoollifethatwillbestattractstudentsanddonors。Thefeatureswhichcountmostdirectlyinthesedirectionsarenotthesameaswouldcountmosteffectivelytowardtheavowedendsoftheseschools。ThestandardswhichitisfoundOperativetoliveuptoarenotthehigheststandardsofscholarlywork。Courtesyaswellasexpediencyinclinestheseschoolstocultivatesuchappearancesandsuchopinionsasmaybeexpectedtofindfavorwithmenofwealth。Thesemenofwealtharebusinessmen，forthemostpartelderlymen，whoare，asiswellknown，prevailinglyofaconservativetemperinallculturalmatters，andmoreespeciallyastouchesthoseinstitutionsthatbearonbusinessaffairs。
Amorefar-reachingdepartmentoftheeducationalsystem，thoughnottechnicallyratedassuch，istheperiodicalpress，bothnewspapersandmagazines。Thisisafieldofbusinessenterprise，andbusinessprinciplesmaybeexpectedtoworkmoreconsistentlyandtoamoreunqualifiedresultinthisfieldthanintheschoolsystem，wheretheseprinciplescomeinincidentally。
Thecurrentperiodicalpress，whetherephemeralorother，isavehicleforadvertisements。Thisisitsraisond’etre，asabusinessproposition，andthisdecidesthelinesofitsmanagementwithoutmaterialqualification。Exceptionstotheruleareofficialandminorpropagandistperiodicals，and，inanuncertainmeasure，scientificjournals。Theprofitsofpublicationcomefromthesaleofadvertisingspace。Thedirectreturnsfromsalesandsubscriptionsarenowamatterofwhollysecondaryconsequence。Publishersofperiodicals，ofallgradesoftransiency，aimtomaketheirproductassalableasmayhe，inordertopasstheiradvertisingpagesundertheeyesofasmanyreadersasmaybe。Thelargerthecirculationthegreater，otherthingsequal，themarketvalueoftheadvertisingspace。ThehighestproductofthisdevelopmentistheclassofAmericannewspaperscalled“independent。“Theseinparticular-andtheyarefollowedatnogreatintervalbytheresteditallitemsofnews，comment，orgossipwithaviewtowhatthenewsoughttobeandwhatopinionsoughtt
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