下载辰思小说免费APP
Thesocialisticdisaffectionhasbeensetdowntoenvy，classhatred，discontentwiththeirownlotbycomparisonwiththatofothers，andtoamistakenviewoftheirowninterests。Thiscriticismmaybewellenoughasfarasitgoes，butitdoesnottouchsocialisminthoserespectsinwhichitdiffersfromothermovementsintowhichthisrangeofmotivesenters；thatistosay，ittouches，notthespecifictraitsofsocialism，butthecommonfeaturesofpopulardiscontent。Historyshowsmanysuchmovementsofdiscontent，pushedonbyrealorfanciedprivationandiniquity；andpastexperiencerecordedinhistoryshouldleadustoexpectthat，undertheguidanceofsuchmotivesandsuchreasoningasiscurrentlyimputedtothesocialistsbytheirconservativecritics，themalcontentswoulddemandaredistributionofproperty，areorganizationofownershiponsuchnewlinesaswouldfavorthediscontentedclasses。Butsuchisnotthetrendofsocialisticthinking。Itlookstothedisappearanceofpropertyrightsratherthantheirredistribution。Theentirerangeofdoctrinescoveredbythetheoryofdistributioninthereceivedeconomicsisessentially(andcharacteristically)neglectedbythemodernsocialistspeculations。(19*)
Theperplexityofthosewhoprotestagainstasupposedlyimminentsocialisticsubversionofpropertyrightsisofatwofoldkind:(1)Theabsenceofproprietaryrightsisincomprehensible，andalivingtogetherinsocietywithoutdefinedownershipofthemeansoflivingisheldtobeimpracticable；ownershipofgoods，intheapprehensionoftheconservativecritics，isinvolvedinthepresenceofgoods。(2)
Ownershipofthemeansoflivingisaninalienablerightofman，ethicallyinevitable；thecancelmentofpropertyrightsisfelttoviolateafundamentalprincipleofmorals。Allthis，ofcourse，proceedsontheassumptionthattheinstitutionofownershipcannotbeabrogated，asbeinganelementalfunctionofhumannatureandanintegralfactorintheorderofthingsinwhichhumanlifebelongs。
Tothemodernsocialistallthisiscomingtobelessandlessconvincing。Inthisrespectthereisafairlywellmarkedprogressivechangeintheattitudeoftheprofessedsocialists。
Theirpositionisprogressivelylesscapableofbeingformulatedasabusinessproposition；theirdemandsareprogressivelymoredifficulttostateintheformofapecuniaryclaim。Theclaimtothefullproductoflabor，whichoncefilledalargeplaceinsocialisticclamorsandhadagreatcarryingforceduringtheearlierthree-quartersofthenineteenthcentury，hasgraduallyfallenintoabeyance，bothwiththeagitatorsandtheadherentsofthepropaganda，duringthelastgeneration。To-daythisclaimisanafterthoughtintheadvocate’spresentationofsocialism，morefrequentlythanitisapointofdeparturefortheargument，anditismademoreofbytheproselytes，whohavecarriedthemetaphysicsofitoverfromthecurrentcommonsenseofthebusinesscommunity，thanbythesocialistsofconfirmedstanding。
Theclaimtothefullproductisanarticleofnatural-rightsdogma，andassuchitisareminiscenceoftheinstitutionalsituationfromwhichsocialismdeparts，ratherthanafeatureoftheprospectivesituationtowhichsocialisticsentimentlooks。
Thelikeobsolescenceofthesenseofequityinownershipisvisibleintheattitudetakenbystrikersinthelarge，mechanicallyorganizedindustries，outsideoftheranksofavowedsocialism。Thesestrikersarelessandlessdeterredbyconsiderationsofvestedrights，propertyrights，owner’sinterests，andthelike。Theprinciplethatamanmaydowhathewillwithhisownislosingitsbindingforcewithlargeclassesinthecommunity，apparentlybecausethespiritualgroundonwhichreststhenotionof“hisown“isbeingcutawaybythelatter-dayexperienceoftheseclasses。Abridgmentofproprietarydiscretion，confiscationofproprietaryrights，isgrowinggraduallylessrepugnanttotheindustrialpopulace；andthequestionofindemnityforeventuallossismoreandmorefallingintoneglect。Withthesocialisticelementthequestionisnot，whatshallbedoneinthewayofreadjustmentofpropertyclaims，butwhatistobedonetoabolishthem。(20*)
Thequestionofequityorinequityinthedistributionofwealthpresumesthevalidityofownershiprightsonsomebasisorother，oratleastitpresumesthevalidityofsomebasisonwhichtheclaimsofownershipmaybediscussed。Ownershipisthemajorpremiseofanyargumentastotheequityofdistribution，anditisthismajorpremisethatisbeingforgottenbytheclassesamongwhomsocialisticsentimentisgaining。Equityinthisconnectionseemsnottobelongintherepertoryofsocialistconcepts。Itisatthispoint-thepointofacommongroundofargument-thatthediscrepancyoccurswhichstandsintheway，notonlyofaneventualagreementbetweenthesocialistsandtheirconservativecritics，butevenoftheirmeetingoneanother’sreasoningwithanysubstantialeffect。Intheequipmentofcommon-
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