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Butthemachinetechnologynotonlytrainstheworkmenintomaterialisticiconoclasm，ithasalsoaselectiveeffect。Personsendowedwithpropensitiesandaptitudesofamaterialistic，matter-of-factkindaredraftedintothemechanicalemployments，andsucharealsopeculiarlyavailablesocialisticmaterial。
Aptitudeforthematter-of-factworkofthemachinetechnologymeans，inageneralway，ineptitudeforanuncriticalacceptanceofinstitutionaltruths，Itisprobable，therefore，thattheapparentfacilitywithwhichthemechanicalemployments(andthematerialsciences)induceasocialisticoriconoclasticbentistobesetdowninparttothefactthatthehumanmaterialintheseemploymentsispickedmaterial，peculiarlyamenabletothisdiscipline。Thereisasiftingoftheworkingclasses，wherebythesocialisticandmechanicallycapableareroughlysegregatedoutfromtherestandsubjectedtotheiconoclasticdisciplineofthemechanicalemploymentsandmatter-of-factthinking；whiletheresidue，whichisonthewholemadeupofthepersonsthatarerelativelyleastcapableofrevolutionarysocialism，isatthesametimelessexposedtothedisciplinethatmightfitthemforthesocialisticmovement。Thissiftingis，ofcourse，aroughone，andleavesmanyexceptionsbothways。
Inthelightofthisconsideration，then，itistobenoted:
(1)thatthedominanceofthemachineprocessinmodernindustryisnotsopotentafactorfortheinculcationofsocialisticnotions-itdoesnotsoirresistiblyshapemen’shabitofmindinthesocialisticsense-asthefirstsurveyofthefactswouldsuggest；and(2)thatthedifferentiationofoccupationsinvolvedinmodernindustrialmethodsselectivelybunchesthesocialisticelementstogether，andsoheightenstheirsenseofclasssolidarityandactstoaccentuatetheirbias，givesconsistencytotheirideals，andinducesthatboldnessofconvictionandactionwhichistobehadonlyinacompactbodyofmen。
Butineithercase，whetherthevisibleoutcomeischieflyduetotheirselectiveortotheirdisciplinaryeffect，thebearingoftheindustrialoccupationsuponthegrowthofsocialismseemsequallycloseandundeniable。Thetwomodesofinfluenceseemtoconvergetotheoutcomeindicatedabove，andforthepurposeofthepresentinquiryadetailedtracingoutofthetwostrandsofsequenceinthecaseneithercannorneedbeundertaken。(25*)
Withsuchgeneralityascommonlyholdsinstatementsofthiskind，itmaybesaidthatthemodernsocialisticdisaffectionislooselyboundupwiththemachineindustry-spreadingwherethisindustryspreadsandflourishingwherethisindustrygivesthedominantnoteoflife。Thecorrelationbetweenthetwophenomenaisofsuchakindastoleavenodoubtthattheyarecausallyconnected；whichmeanseitherthatthemachineindustry，directlyorindirectly，givesrisetosocialism，orthatthetwoareexpressionsofthesamecomplexofcauses。Theformerstatementprobablyexpressesthetruthofthecaseingreatpart，butthelatterneednotthereforebefalse。Whereverandinsofarastheincreaseanddiffusionofknowledgehasmadethemachineprocessandthemechanicaltechnologythetone-givingfactorinmen’sschemeofthought，theremodernsocialisticiconoclasmfollowsbyeasyconsequence。
Thesocialisticbiasprimarilytoucheseconomicinstitutionsproper。Butthatisnotthewholeofit。Whenthetermisusedwithoutmodifyingphraseitcarriesacertainimplicationtouchingotherthanprimarilyeconomicmatters。Thepoliticalbiasofthisunmitigatedsocialismisalwaysradicallydemocratic，totheextentthatthesesocialistsareinahighdegreeintolerantofanymonarchical，aristocratic，orotherprescriptivegovernment。Thestateisdoomedinthesocialisticview。(26*)Thesocialistantagonismtothestatetakesvariousformsandgoestovaryingdegreesofintemperance，butitisconsistentlynegative。Exceptintheirdestructivelyhostileattitudetoexistingpoliticalorganizations，thesocialistshavenothingconsistenttoofferontheheadofpoliticalinstitutions，less
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