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ItistheunintelligentMe，stupidasanidiot，thathastotryathingathousandtimesbeforehecandoit，andthenneverknowshowhedoesit，thatatlastdoesitwell。Wehavetoeducateourselvesthroughthepretentiousclaimsofintellect，intothehumbleaccuracyofinstinct，andweendatlastbyacquiringthedexterity，theperfection，thecertainty，whichthosemastersofarts，thebeeandthespider，inheritfromNature。
Book-knowledge，lecture-knowledge，examination-knowledge，areallinthebrain。Butwork-knowledgeisnotonlyinthebrain，itisinthesenses，inthemuscles，inthegangliaofthesympatheticnerves，——
allovertheman，asonemaysay，asinstinctseemsdiffusedthrougheverypartofthoseloweranimalsthathavenosuchdistinctorganasabrain。Seeaskilfulsurgeonhandleabrokenlimb；seeawiseoldphysiciansmileawayacasethatlookstoanoviceasifthesextonwouldsoonbesentfor；markwhatalargeexperiencehasdoneforthosewhowerefittedtoprofitbyit，andyouwillfeelconvincedthat，muchasyouknow，somethingisstillleftforyoutolearn。
MayIventuretocontrastyouthandexperienceinmedicalpractice，somethinginthewaythemanpaintedthelion，thatis，thelionunder？
Theyoungmanknowstherules，buttheoldmanknows-theexceptions。
Theyoungmanknowshispatient，buttheoldmanknowsalsohispatient’sfamily，deadandalive，upanddownforgenerations。Hecantellbeforehandwhatdiseasestheirunbornchildrenwillbesubjectto，whattheywilldieofiftheylivelongenough，andwhethertheyhadbetterliveatall，orremainunrealizedpossibilities，asbelongingtoastocknotworthbeingperpetuated。
Theyoungmanfeelsuneasyifheisnotcontinuallydoingsomethingtostiruphispatient’sinternalarrangements。Theoldmantakesthingsmorequietly，andismuchmorewillingtoletwellenoughalone：Allthesesuperiorities，ifsuchtheyare，’youmustwaitfortimetobringyou。Inthemeanwhile(ifwewillletthelionbeuppermostforamoment)，theyoungman’ssensesarequickerthanthoseofhisolderrival。Hiseducationinalltheaccessorybranchesismorerecent，andthereforenearertheexistingconditionofknowledge。Hefindsiteasierthanhisseniorstoaccepttheimprovementswhicheveryyearisbringingforward。Newideasbuildtheirnestsinyoungmen’sbrains。“Revolutionsarenotmadebymeninspectacles，“asIoncehearditremarked，andthefirstwhispersofanewtrutharenotcaughtbythosewhobegintofeeltheneedofanear-trumpet。Grantingalltheseadvantagestotheyoungman，heought，nevertheless，togoonimproving，onthewhole，asamedicalpractitioner，witheveryyear，untilhehasripenedintoawell-
mellowedmaturity。But，toimprove，hemustbegoodforsomethingatthestart。IfyoushipapoorcaskofwinetoIndiaandback，ifyoukeepitahalfacentury，itonlygrowsthinnerandsharper。
Youaresoontoenterintorelationswiththepublic，toexpendyourskillandknowledgeforitsbenefit，andfindyoursupportintherewardsofyourlabor。Whatkindofaconstituencyisthiswhichistolooktoyouasitsauthorizedchampionsinthestruggleoflifeagainstitsnumerousenemies？
Inthefirstplace，thepersonswhoseektheaidofthephysicianareveryhonestandsincereintheirwishtogetridoftheircomplaints，and，generallyspeaking，toliveaslongastheycan。Howeverattractivelythefutureispaintedtothem，theyareattachedtotheplanetwithwhichtheyarealreadyacquainted。Theyareaddictedtothedailyuseofthisempiricalandunchemicalmixturewhichwecallair；andwouldholdontoitasatipplerdoestohisalcoholicdrinks。Thereisnothingmenwillnotdo，thereisnothingtheyhavenotdone，torecovertheirhealthandsavetheirlives。Theyhavesubmittedtobehalf-drownedinwater，andhalf-chokedwithgases，tobeburieduptotheirchinsinearth，tobesearedwithhotironslikegalley-slaves，tobecrimpedwithknives，likecod-fish，tohaveneedlesthrustintotheirflesh，andbonfireskindledontheirskin，toswallowallsortsofabominations，andtopayforallthis，asiftobesingedandscaldedwereacostlyprivilege，asifblisterswereablessing，andleecheswerealuxury。Whatmorecanbeaskedtoprovetheirhonestyandsincerity？
Thissamecommunityisveryintelligentwithrespecttoagreatmanysubjects-commerce，mechanics，manufactures，politics。Butwithregardtomedicineitishopelesslyignorantandneverfindsitout。
IdonotknowthatitisanyworseinthiscountrythaninGreatBritain，whereMr。Huxleyspeaksveryfreelyof“theutterignoranceofthesimplestlawsoftheirownanimallife，whichprevailsamongeventhemosthighlyeducatedpersons。“AndCullensaidbeforehim“Neithertheacutestgeniusnorthesoundestjudgmentwillavailinjudgingofaparticularscience，inregardtowhichtheyhavenotbeenexercised。Ihavebeenobligedtopleasemypatientssometimeswithreasons，andIhavefoundthatanywillpass，evenwithabledivinesandacutelawyers；thesamewillpasswiththehusbandsaswiththewives。“Ifthecommunitycouldonlybemadeawareofitsownutterignorance，andincompetencetoformopinionsonmedicalsubjects，difficultenoughtothosewhogivetheirlivestothestudyofthem，thepract
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