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Forcedoesnotadmitofexplanation，norofproperdefinition，anymorethanthehypotheticalsubstratumofmatter。IfweassumetheInfiniteasomnipresent，omniscient，omnipotent，wecannotsupposeHimexcludedfromanypartofHiscreation，exceptfromrebellioussoulswhichvoluntarilyexcludeHimbytheexerciseoftheirfatalprerogativeoffree-will。Force，then，istheactofimmanentDivinity。Ifindnomeaninginmechanicalexplanations。Newton’shypothesisofanetherfillingtheheavenlyspacesdoesnot，I
confess，helpmyconceptions。Iwill，andthemusclesofmyvocalorgansshapemyspeech。Godwills，andtheuniversearticulatesHispower，wisdom，andgoodness。ThatisallIknow。Thereisnobridgemymindcanthrowfromthe“immaterial“causetothe“material“
effect。
Theproblemofforcemeetsuseverywhere，andIprefertoencounteritintheworldofphysicalphenomenabeforereachingthatoflivingactions。Itisonlythenamefortheincomprehensiblecauseofcertainchangesknowntoourconsciousness，andassumedtobeoutsideofit。FormeitistheDeityHimselfinaction。
IcanthereforeseealargesignificanceinthesomewhatboldlanguageofBurdach：“Thereisformebutonemiracle，thatofinfiniteexistence，andbutonemystery，themannerinwhichthefiniteproceedsfromtheinfinite。Sosoonaswerecognizethisincomprehensibleactasthegeneralandprimordialmiracle，ofwhichourreasonperceivesthenecessity，butthemannerofwhichourintelligencecannotgrasp，sosoonaswecontemplatethenatureknowntousbyexperienceinthislight，thereisforusnootherimpenetrablemiracleormystery。“
Letusturntoabranchofknowledgewhichdealswithcertaintiesuptothelimitofthesenses，andisinvolvedinnospeculationsbeyondthem。Incertainpointsofview，HUMANANATOMYmaybeconsideredanalmostexhaustedscience。Fromtimetotimesomesmallorganwhichhadescapedearlierobservershasbeenpointedout，——suchpartsasthetensortarsi，theoticganglion，orthePacinianbodies；butsomeofourbestanatomicalworksarethosewhichhavebeenclassicformanygenerations。TheplatesofthebonesinVesalius，threecenturiesold，arestillmasterpiecesofaccuracy，asofart。ThemagnificentworkofAlbinusonthemuscles，publishedin1747，isstillsupremeinitsdepartment，astheconstantreferencesofthemostthoroughrecenttreatiseonthesubject，thatofTheile，sufficientlyshow。Morehasbeendoneinunravellingthemysteriesofthefasciae，buttherehasbeenatendencytooverdothiskindofmaterialanalysis。AlexanderThomsonsplitthemupintocobwebs，asyoumayseeintheplatestoVelpeau’sSurgicalAnatomy。IwellrememberhowheusedtoshakehisheadoverthecoarseworkofScarpaandAstleyCooper，——asifDenner，whopaintedtheseparatehairsofthebeardandporesoftheskininhisportraits，hadspokenlightlyofthepicturesofRubensandVandyk。
Notonlyhaslittlebeenaddedtothecatalogueofparts，butsomethingslongknownhadbecomehalf-forgotten。Louisandothersconfoundedthesolitaryglandsofthelowerpartofthesmallintestinewiththosewhich“thegreatBrunner，“asHallercallshim，describedin1687asbeingfoundintheduodenum。ThedisplayofthefibrousstructureofthebrainseemedanoveltyasshownbySpurzheim。OneisstartledtofindthemethodanticipatedbyRaymondVieussensnearlytwocenturiesago。IcanhardlythinkGordonhadeverlookedathisfigures，thoughhenamestheirauthor，whenhewrotethecaptiousandsneeringarticlewhichattractedsomuchattentioninthepagesofthe“EdinburghReview。“
Thisistheplace，ifanywhere，tomentionanyobservationsIcouldpretendtohavemadeinthecourseofmyteachingthestructureofthehumanbody。Icanmakenobettershowthanmostofmypredecessorsinthiswell-reapedfield。Thenucleatedcellsfoundconnectedwiththecancellatedstructureofthebones，whichIfirstpointedoutandhadfiguredin1847，andhaveshownyearlyfromthattimetothepresent，andthefossamasseterica，ashallowconcavityontheramusofthelowerjaw，forthelodgmentofthemassetermuscle，whichacquiressignificancewhenexaminedbythesideofthedeepcavityonthecorrespondingpartinsomecarnivoratowhichitanswers，mayperhapsbeclaimedasdeservingattention。Ihavealsopleasedmyselfbymakingaspecialgroupofthesixradiatingmuscleswhichdivergefromthespineoftheaxis，or
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