第6章

Inthemorning，beforeitwaslight，thefarmer’speoplecameout，andsawmecrouchingunderthecart：theytoldmetogetup。butI

wassocoldthatIcouldnot：atlastthemanhimselfcame，andrecognizedmeasthegirlwhohaddisturbedhimthenightbefore。

Whenheheardmyname，andthepurposeforwhichIcame，thisgoodmantookmeintothehouse，andputmeintooneofthebedsoutofwhichhissonshadjustgot。and，ifIwascoldbefore，youmaybesureIwaswarmandcomfortablenow！suchabedasthisIhadneversleptin，noreverdidIhavesuchgoodmilk-soupashegavemeoutofhisownbreakfast。Well，heagreedtohireme。andwhatdoyouthinkhegaveme？——sixsousaday！andletmesleepinthecow-

housebesides：youmayfancyhowhappyIwasnow，attheprospectofearningsomuchmoney。

Therewasanoldwomanamongthelaborerswhousedtosellussoup：Igotacupfuleverydayforahalf-penny，withabitofbreadinit。andmighteatasmuchbeet-rootbesidesasIliked。

notaverywholesomemeal，tobesure，butGodtookcarethatitshouldnotdisagreewithme。

So，everySaturday，whenworkwasover，Ihadthirtysoustocarryhometomother。andtiredthoughIwas，Iwalkedmerrilythetwoleaguestoourvillage，toseeheragain。Ontheroadtherewasagreatwoodtopassthrough，andthisfrightenedme。forifathiefshouldcomeandrobmeofmywholeweek’searnings，whatcouldapoorlonegirldotohelpherself？ButIfoundaremedyforthistoo，andnothievesevercamenearme。IusedtobeginsayingmyprayersasIenteredtheforest，andneverstoppeduntilIwassafeathome。andsafeIalwaysarrived，withmythirtysonsinmypocket。Ah！youmaybesure，Sundaywasamerrydayforusall。

ThisisthewholeofBeatrice’shistorywhichisworthyofpublication。therestofitonlyrelatestoherarrivalinParis，andthevariousmastersandmistresseswhomshetherehadthehonortoserve。Assoonassheentersthecapitaltheromancedisappears，andthepoorgirl’ssufferingsandprivationsluckilyvanishwithit。Beatricehasgotnowwarmgowns，andstoutshoes，andplentyofgoodfood。ShehashadherlittlebrotherfromPicardy。clothed，fed，andeducatedhim：thatyounggentlemanisnowacarpenter，andanhonortohisprofession。MadameMergerisineasycircumstances，andreceives，yearly，fiftyfrancsfromherdaughter。Tocrownall，MademoiselleBeatriceherselfisafundedproprietor，andconsultedthewriterofthisbiographyastothebestmethodoflayingoutacapitaloftwohundredfrancs，whichisthepresentamountofherfortune。

Godblessher！sheisricherthanhisGracetheDukeofDevonshire。

and，Idaresay，has，inherhumblewalk，beenmorevirtuousandmorehappythanallthedukesintherealm。

Itis，indeed，forthebenefitofdukesandsuchgreatpeople(who，Imakenodoubt，havelongsinceorderedcopiesoftheseSketches)，thatpoorlittleBeatrice’sstoryhasbeenindited。Certainitis，thattheyoungwomanwouldneverhavebeenimmortalizedinthisway，butforthegoodwhichherbettersmayderivefromherexample。Ifyourladyshipwillbutreflectalittle，afterboastingofthesumswhichyouspendincharity。thebeefandblanketswhichyoudoleoutatChristmas。thepoonah-paintingwhichyouexecuteforfancyfairs。thelong，longsermonswhichyoulistentoatSt。George’s，thewholeyearthrough——yourladyship，Isay，willallowthat，althoughperfectlymeritoriousinyourline，asapatronessoftheChurchofEngland，ofAlmack’s，andoftheLying-inAsylum，yoursisbutapaltrysphereofvirtue，apitifulattemptatbenevolence，andthatthishonestservant-girlputsyoutoshame！Andyou，myLordBishop：doyou，outofyoursixsousaday，giveawayfivetosupportyourflockandfamily？

Wouldyoudropasinglecoach-horse(Idonotsay，ADINNER，forsuchanotionismonstrous，inoneofyourlordship’sdegree)，tofeedanyoneofthestarvingchildrenofyourlordship’smother——

theChurch？

Ipauseforareply。Hislordshiptooktoomuchturtleandcoldpunchfordinneryesterday，andcannotspeakjustnow：butwehave，bythisingeniousquestion，silencedhimaltogether：lettheworldwagasitwill，andpoorChristiansandcuratesstarveastheymay，mylord’sfootmenmusthavetheirnewliveries，andhishorsestheirfourfeedsaday。

WhenwerecollecthisspeechabouttheCatholics——whenwerememberhislastcharitysermon，——butIsaynothing。Hereisapoorbenightedsuperstitiouscreature，worshippingimages，withoutaragtohertail，whohasasmuchfaith，andhumility，andcharityasallthereverendbench。

Thisangeliswithoutaplace。andforthisreason(besidesthepleasureofcomposingtheaboveslapatepiscopacy)——Ihaveinditedherhistory。IftheBishopisgoingtoParis，andwantsagoodhonestmaid-of-all-work，hecanhaveher，Ihavenodoubt。orifhechoosestogiveafewpoundstohermother，theycanbesenttoMr。

Titmarsh，atthepublisher’s。

HereisMissMerger’slastletterandautograph。ThenotewasevidentlycomposedbyanEcrivainpublic：——

Madame，——AyantaprisparceMonsieur，quevousvousportiezbien，ainsiqueMonsieur，ayantsuaussiquevousparliezdemoidansvotrelettrecettenouvellem’afaitbienplaisirJeprofitedel’occasionpourvousfairepassercepetitbilletouJevoudraispouvoirm’enveloperpourallervousvoiretpourvousdirequeJesuisencoresansplaceJem’ennuyetojoursdenepasvousvoirainsiqueMinette(Minetteisacat)quisemblem’interrogertouratouretdemanderouvousetes。Jevousenvoyeaussilanotedulingeablanchir——ah，Madame！Jevaiscesserdevousecriremaisnondevousregretter。

BeatriceMerger。

CARICATURESANDLITHOGRAPHYINPARIS。

FiftyyearsagotherelivedatMunichapoorfellow，bynameAloysSenefelder，whowasinsolittlereputeasanauthorandartist，thatprintersandengraversrefusedtopublishhisworksattheirowncharges，andsosethimuponsomeplanfordoingwithouttheiraid。Inthefirstplace，Aloysinventedacertainkindofink，whichwouldresisttheactionoftheacidthatisusuallyemployedbyengravers，andwiththishemadehisexperimentsuponcopper-

plates，aslongashecouldaffordtopurchasethem。Hefoundthattowriteupontheplatesbackwards，afterthemannerofengravers，requiredmuchskillandmanytrials。andhethoughtthat，werehetopractiseuponanyotherpolishedsurface——asmoothstone，forinstance，theleastcostlyarticleimaginable——hemightsparetheexpenseofthecopperuntilhehadsufficientskilltouseit。

Oneday，itissaid，thatAloyswascalledupontowrite——ratherahumblecompositionforanauthorandartist——awashing-bill。Hehadnopaperathand，andsohewroteoutthebillwithsomeofhisnewly-inventedinkupononeofhisKelheimstones。SometimeafterwardshethoughthewouldtryandtakeanIMPRESSIONofhiswashing-bill：hedid，andsucceeded。Suchisthestory，whichthereadermostlikelyknowsverywell。andhavingalludedtotheoriginoftheart，weshallnotfollowthestreamthroughitswindingsandenlargementafteritissuedfromthelittleparentrock，orfillourpageswiththerestofthepedigree。SenefelderinventedLithography。Hisinventionhasnotmadesomuchnoiseandlarumintheworldassomeothers，whichhaveanoriginquiteashumbleandunromantic。butitisonetowhichweowenosmallprofit，andagreatdealofpleasure。and，assuch，weareboundtospeakofitwithallgratitudeandrespect。Theschoolmaster，whoisnowabroad，hastaughtus，inouryouth，howthecultivationofartemollitmoresnecsinitesse——(itisneedlesstofinishthequotation)。andLithographyhasbeen，toourthinking，theverybestallythatarteverhad。thebestfriendoftheartist，allowinghimtoproducerapidlymultipliedandauthenticcopiesofhisownworks(withouttrustingtothetediousandexpensiveassistanceoftheengraver)。andthebestfriendtothepeoplelikewise，whohavemeansofpurchasingthesecheapandbeautifulproductions，andthushavingtheirideasmollifiedandtheirmannersferosnomore。

Withourselves，amongwhommoneyisplenty，enterprisesogreat，andeverythingmatterofcommercialspeculation，Lithographyhasnotbeensomuchpractisedaswoodorsteelengraving。which，bytheaidofgreatoriginalcapitalandspreadofsale，areablemorethantocompetewiththeartofdrawingonstone。ThetwoformermaybecalledartdonebyMACHINERY。WeconfesstoaprejudiceinfavorofthehonestworkofHAND，inmattersofart，andprefertheroughworkmanshipofthepaintertothesmoothcopiesofhisperformanceswhichareproduced，forthemostpart，onthewood-

blockorthesteel-plate。

Thetheorywillpossiblybeobjectedtobymanyofourreaders：thebestproofinitsfavor，wethink，is，thatthestateofartamongstthepeopleinFranceandGermany，wherepublishersarenotsowealthyorenterprisingaswithus，*andwhereLithographyismorepractised，isinfinitelyhigherthaninEngland，andtheappreciationmorecorrect。Asdraughtsmen，theFrenchandGermanpaintersareincomparablysuperiortoourown。andwithart，aswithanyothercommodity，thedemandwillbefoundprettyequaltothesupply：withus，thegeneraldemandisforneatness，prettiness，andwhatiscalledEFFECTinpictures，andthesecanberenderedcompletely，nay，improved，bytheengraver’sconventionalmannerofcopyingtheartist’sperformances。Buttocopyfineexpressionandfinedrawing，theengraverhimselfmustbeafineartist。andletanybodyexaminethehostofpicture-bookswhichappeareveryChristmas，andsaywhether，forthemostpart，paintersorengraverspossessanyartisticmerit？Weboast，nevertheless，ofsomeofthebestengraversandpaintersinEurope。Here，again，thesupplyisaccountedforbythedemand。ourhighestclassisricherthananyotheraristocracy，quiteaswellinstructed，andcanjudgeandpayforfinepicturesandengravings。Butthesecostlyproductionsareforthefew，andnotforthemany，whohavenotyetcertainlyarrivedatproperlyappreciatingfineart。

*Thesecountriesare，tobesure，inundatedwiththeproductionsofourmarket，intheshapeofByronBeauties，reprintsfromtheKeepsakes，BooksofBeauty，andsuchtrash。buttheseareonlyoflateyears，andtheiroriginalschoolsofartarestillflourishing。

TakethestandardAlbumforinstance——thatunfortunatecollectionofdeformedZuleikasandMedoras(fromtheByronBeauties)，theFlowers，Gems，Souvenirs，CasketsofLoveliness，Beauty，astheywaybecalled。glaringcaricaturesofflowers，singly，ingroups，inflower-pots，orwithhideousdeformedlittleCupidssportingamongthem。ofwhatarecalledmezzotinto，pencil-drawings，poonah-paintings，andwhatnot。TheAlbumistobefoundinvariablyupontheroundrosewoodbrass-inlaiddrawing-roomtableofthemiddleclasses，andwithacoupleofAnnualsbesides，whichflankitonthesametable，representstheartofthehouse。

perhapsthereisaportraitofthemasterofthehouseinthedining-room，grim-glancingfromabovethemantel-piece。andofthemistressoverthepianoupstairs。addtothesesomeodiousminiaturesofthesonsanddaughters，oneachsideofthechimney-

glass。andhere，commonly(weappealtothereaderifthisisanoverchargedpicture)，thecollectionends。ThefamilygoestotheExhibitiononceayear，totheNationalGalleryonceintenyears：

totheformerplacetheyhaveaninducementtogo。therearetheirownportraits，ortheportraitsoftheirfriends，ortheportraitsofpubliccharacters。andyouwillseetheminfalliblywonderingoverNo。2645inthecatalogue，representingThePortraitofaLady，oroftheFirstMayorofLittlePedlingtonsincethepassingoftheReformBill。orelsebustlingandsqueezingamongtheminiatures，whereliesthechiefattractionoftheGallery。

Englandhasproduced，owingtotheeffectsofthisclassofadmirersofart，twoadmirable，andfivehundredveryclever，portraitpainters。HowmanyARTISTS？Letthereadercountuponhisfivefingers，andseeif，livingatthepresentmoment，hecannameoneforeach。

If，fromthisexaminationofourownworthymiddleclasses，welooktothesameclassinFrance，whatadifferencedowefind！Humblecafe’sincountrytownshavetheirwallscoveredwithpleasingpicturepapers，representingLesGloiresdel’ArmeeFrancaise，

theSeasons，theFourQuartersoftheWorld，CupidandPsyche，orsomeotherallegory，landscapeorhistory，rudelypainted，aspapersforwallsusuallyare。butthefiguresarealltolerablywelldrawn。andthecommontaste，whichhascausedademandforsuchthings，isundeniable。InParis，themannerinwhichthecafesandhousesoftherestaurateursareornamented，is，ofcourse，athousandtimesricher，andnothingcanbemorebeautiful，ormoreexquisitelyfinishedandcorrect，thanthedesignswhichadornmanyofthem。WearenotpreparedtosaywhatsumswereexpendeduponthepaintingofVery’sorVefour’s，oftheSalleMusard，orofnumberlessotherplacesofpublicresortinthecapital。Thereismanyashop-keeperwhosesignisaverytolerablepicture。andoftenhavewestoppedtoadmire(thereaderwillgiveuscreditforhavingremainedOUTSIDE)theexcellentworkmanshipofthegrapesandvine-leavesoverthedoorofsomeveryhumble，dirty，inodorousshopofamarchanddevin。

These，however，serveonlytoeducatethepublictaste，andareornamentsforthemostpartmuchtoocostlyforthepeople。Butthesameloveofornamentwhichisshownintheirpublicplacesofresort，appearsintheirhouseslikewise。andeveryoneofourreaderswhohaslivedinParis，inanylodging，magnificentorhumble，withanyfamily，howeverpoor，maybearwitnesshowprofuselythewallsofhissmartsalonintheEnglishquarter，orofhislittleroomausixiemeinthePaysLatin，hasbeendecoratedwithprintsofallkinds。Inthefirst，probably，withbadengravingsoncopperfromthebadandtawdrypicturesoftheartistsofthetimeoftheEmpire。inthelatter，withgaycaricaturesofGranvilleorMonnier：militarypieces，suchasaredashedoffbyRaffet，Charlet，Vernet(onecanhardlysaywhichofthethreedesignershasthegreatestmerit，orthemostvigoroushand)。orcleverpicturesfromthecrayonoftheDeverias，theadmirableRoqueplan，orDecamp。Wehavenamedhere，webelieve，theprincipallithographicartistsinParis。andthose——asdoubtlesstherearemany——ofourreaderswhohavelookedoverMonsieurAubert’sportfolios，orgazedatthatfamouscaricature-

shopwindowintheRuedeCoq，orareevenacquaintedwiththeexteriorofMonsieurDelaporte’slittleemporiumintheBurlingtonArcade，neednotbetoldhowexcellenttheproductionsofalltheseartistsareintheirgenre。Wegetintheseengravingstheloisirsofmenofgenius，notthefinikinperformancesoflaboredmediocrity，aswithus：alltheseartistsaregoodpainters，aswellasgooddesigners。adesignfromthemisworthawholegrossofBooksofBeauty。andifwemightraiseahumblesupplicationtotheartistsinourowncountryofsimilarmerit——tosuchmenasLeslie，Maclise，Herbert，Cattermole，andothers——itwouldbe，thattheyshould，aftertheexampleoftheirFrenchbrethrenandoftheEnglishlandscapepainters，takechalkinhand，producetheirowncopiesoftheirownsketches，andnevermoredrawasingleForsakenOne，

RejectedOne，DejectedOneattheentreatyofanypublisherorforthepagesofanyBookofBeauty，Royalty，orLovelinesswhatever。

CantherebeamorepleasingwalkinthewholeworldthanastrollthroughtheGalleryoftheLouvreonafete-day。nottolooksomuchatthepicturesasatthelookers-on？Thousandsofthepoorerclassesarethere：mechanicsintheirSundayclothes，smilinggrisettes，smartdappersoldiersoftheline，withbronzedwonderingfaces，marchingtogetherinlittlecompaniesofsixorseven，andstoppingeverynowandthenatNapoleonorLeonidasastheyappearinpropervulgarheroicsinthepicturesofDavidorGros。Thetasteofthesepeoplewillhardlybeapprovedbytheconnoisseur，buttheyhaveAtasteforart。Canthesamebesaidofourlowerclasses，who，iftheyareinclinedtobesociableandamusedintheirholidays，havenoplaceofresortbutthetap-roomortea-garden，andnofoodforconversationexceptsuchascanbebuiltuponthepoliticsorthepolicereportsofthelastSundaypaper？SomuchhasChurchandStatepuritanismdoneforus——sowellhasitsucceededinmaterializingandbindingdowntotheearththeimaginationofmen，forwhichGodhasmadeanotherworld(whichcertainstatesmentakebuttoolittleintoaccount)——thatfairandbeautifulworldofheart，inwhichthereCANbenothingselfishorsordid，ofwhichDulnesshasforgottentheexistence，andwhichBigotryhasendeavoredtoshutoutfromsight——

Onabannilesdemonsetlesfees，Leraisonnertristements’accredite：

Oncourt，helas！apreslaverite：

Ah！croyezmoi，l’erreurasonmerite！

Wearenotputtinginapleaherefordemonsandfairies，asVoltairedoesintheaboveexquisitelines。norabouttoexpatiateonthebeautiesoferror，forithasnone。buttheclankofsteam-

engines，andtheshoutsofpoliticians，andthestruggleforgainorbread，andthelouddenunciationsofstupidbigots，havewellnighsmotheredpoorFancyamongus。Weboastofourscience，andvauntoursuperiormorality。Doesthelatterexist？Inspiteofalltheformswhichourpolicyhasinventedtosecureit——inspiteofallthepreachers，allthemeeting-houses，andallthelegislativeenactments——ifanypersonwilltakeuponhimselfthepainfullaborofpurchasingandperusingsomeofthecheapperiodicalprintswhichformthepeople’slibraryofamusement，andcontainwhatmaybepresumedtobetheirstandardinmattersofimaginationandfancy，hewillseehowfalsetheclaimisthatwebringforwardofsuperiormorality。Thearistocracywhoaresoeagertomaintain，were，ofcourse，notthelasttofeelannoyanceofthelegislativerestrictionsontheSabbath，andeagerlyseizeduponthathappyinventionfordissipatingthegloomandennuiorderedbyActofParliamenttoprevailonthatday——theSundaypaper。Itmightbereadinaclub-room，wherethepoorcouldnotseehowtheirbettersordainedonethingforthevulgar，andanotherforthemselves。orinaneasy-chair，inthestudy，whithermylordretireseverySundayforhisdevotions。Itdealtinprivatescandalandribaldry，onlythemorepiquantforitsprettyflimsyveilofdouble-entendre。Itwasafortunetothepublisher，anditbecameanecessarytothereader，whichhecouldnotdowithout，anymorethanwithouthissnuff-box，hisopera-box，orhischasseaftercoffee。Thedelightfulnoveltycouldnotforanytimebekeptexclusivelyforthehautton。andfrommylorditdescendedtohisvaletortradesmen，andfromGrosvenorSquareitspreadallthetownthrough。sothatnowthelowerclasseshavetheirscandalandribaldryorgans，aswellastheirbetters(therogues，theyWILLimitatethem！)andastheirtastesaresomewhatcoarserthanmylord’s，andtheirnumbersathousandtoone，whyofcoursetheprintshaveincreased，andtheprofligacyhasbeendiffusedinaratioexactlyproportionabletothedemand，untilthetownisinfestedwithsuchanumberofmonstrouspublicationsofthekindaswouldhaveputAbbeDuboistotheblush，ormadeLouisXV。cryshame。TalkofEnglishmorality！——theworstlicentiousness，intheworstperiodoftheFrenchmonarchy，scarcelyequalledthewickednessofthisSabbath-keepingcountryofours。

Thereaderwillbeglad，atlast，tocometotheconclusionthatwewouldfaindrawfromallthesedescriptions——whydoesthisimmoralityexist？BecausethepeopleMUSTbeamused，andhavenotbeentaughtHOW。becausetheupperclasses，frightenedbystupidcant，orabsorbedinmaterialwants，havenotasyetlearnedtherefinementwhichonlythecultivationofartcangive。andwhentheirintellectsareuneducated，andtheirtastesarecoarse，thetastesandamusementsofclassesstillmoreignorantmustbecoarseandviciouslikewise，inanincreasedproportion。

Suchdiscussionsandviolentattacksuponhighandlow，SabbathBills，politicians，andwhatnot，mayappear，perhaps，outofplaceinafewpageswhichpurportonlytogiveanaccountofsomeFrenchdrawings：allwewouldurgeis，that，inFrance，theseprintsaremadebecausetheyarelikedandappreciated。withustheyarenotmade，becausetheyarenotlikedandappreciated：andthemoreisthepity。Nothingmerelyintellectualwillbepopularamongus：wedonotlovebeautyforbeauty’ssake，asGermans。orwit，forwit’ssake，astheFrench：forabstractartwehavenoappreciation。WeadmireH。B。’scaricatures，becausetheyarethecaricaturesofwell-knownpoliticalcharacters，notbecausetheyarewitty。andBoz，becausehewritesusgoodpalpablestories(ifwemayusesuchawordtoastory)。andMadameVestris，becauseshehasthemostbeautifullyshapedlegs——theARTofthedesigner，thewriter，theactress(eachadmirableinitsway，)isaveryminorconsideration。

eachmighthavetentimesthewit，andwouldbequiteunsuccessfulwithouttheirsubstantialpointsofpopularity。

InFrancesuchmattersarefarbettermanaged，andtheloveofartisathousandtimesmorekeen。and(fromthisfeeling，surely)howmuchsuperiorityisthereinFrenchSOCIETYoverourown。howmuchbetterissocialhappinessunderstood。howmuchmoremanlyequalityistherebetweenFrenchmanandFrenchman，thanbetweenrichandpoorinourowncountry，withalloursuperiorwealth，instruction，andpoliticalfreedom！Thereis，amongstthehumblest，agayety，cheerfulness，politeness，andsobriety，towhich，inEngland，noclasscanshowaparallel：andthese，beitremembered，arenotonlyqualitiesforholidays，butforworking-daystoo，andaddtotheenjoymentofhumanlifeasmuchasgoodclothes，goodbeef，orgoodwages。If，toourfreedom，wecouldbutaddalittleoftheirhappiness！——itisone，afterall，ofthecheapestcommoditiesintheworld，andinthepowerofeveryman(withmeansofgainingdecentbread)whohasthewillortheskilltouseit。

WearenotgoingtotracethehistoryoftheriseandprogressofartinFrance。ourbusiness，atpresent，isonlytospeakofonebranchofartinthatcountry——lithographicdesigns，andthosechieflyofahumorouscharacter。AhistoryofFrenchcaricaturewaspublishedinParis，twoorthreeyearsback，illustratedbynumerouscopiesofdesigns，fromthetimeofHenryIII。toourownday。Wecanonlyspeakofthisworkfrommemory，havingbeenunable，inLondon，toprocurethesightofacopy。butourimpression，atthetimewesawthecollection，wasasunfavorableascouldpossiblybe：nothingcouldbemoremeagrethanthewit，orpoorerthantheexecution，ofthewholesetofdrawings。UndertheEmpire，art，asmaybeimagined，wasataverylowebb。and，apingtheGovernmentoftheday，andcateringtothenationaltasteandvanity，itwasakindoftawdrycaricatureofthesublime。ofwhichthepicturesofDavidandGirodet，andalmosttheentirecollectionnowattheLuxembourgPalace，willgiveprettyfairexamples。

Swollen，distorted，unnatural，thepaintingwassomethinglikethepoliticsofthosedays。withforceinit，nevertheless，andsomethingofgrandeur，thatwillexistinspiteoftaste，andisbornofenergeticwill。Aman，disposedtowritecomparisonsofcharacters，might，forinstance，findsomestrikinganalogiesbetweenmountebankMurat，withhisirresistiblebraveryandhorsemanship，whowasakindofmixtureofDugueselinandDucrow，andMountebankDavid，afierce，powerfulpainterandgenius，whoseideaofbeautyandsublimityseemedtohavebeengainedfromthebloodymelodramasontheBoulevard。Both，however，weregreatintheirway，andwereworshippedasgods，inthoseheathentimesoffalsebeliefandhero-worship。

Asforpoorcaricatureandfreedomofthepress，they，liketherightfulprincessinafairytale，withthemerryfantasticdwarf，herattendant，wereentirelyinthepowerofthegiantwhoruledtheland。ThePrincessPresswassocloselywatchedandguarded(withsomelittleshow，nevertheless，ofrespectforherrank)，thatshedarednotutterawordofherownthoughts。and，forpoorCaricature，hewasgagged，andputoutofthewayaltogether：

imprisonedascompletelyaseverAsmodeuswasinhisphial。

HowthePressandherattendantfaredinsucceedingreigns，iswellknown。theirconditionwaslittlebetteredbythedownfallofNapoleon：withtheaccessionofCharlesX。theyweremoreoppressedeventhanbefore——morethantheycouldbear。forsohardweretheypressed，that，asonehasseenwhensailorsareworkingacapstan，backofasuddenthebarsflew，knockingtotheearththemenwhowereendeavoringtoworkthem。TheRevolutioncame，andupsprungCaricatureinFrance。allsortsoffierceepigramsweredischargedattheflyingmonarch，andspeedilywereprepared，too，forthenewone。

AboutthistimetherelivedatParis(ifourinformationbecorrect)acertainM。Philipon，anindifferentartist(paintingwashisprofession)，atolerabledesigner，andanadmirablewit。M。

Philipondesignedmanycaricatureshimself，marriedthesisterofaneminentpublisherofprints(M。Aubert)，andthetwo，gatheringaboutthemabodyofwitsandartistslikethemselves，setupjournalsoftheirown：——LaCaricature，firstpublishedonceaweek。

andtheCharivariafterwards，adailypaper，inwhichadesignalsoappearsdaily。

AtfirstthecaricaturesinsertedintheCharivariwerechieflypolitical。andamostcuriouscontestspeedilycommencedbetweentheStateandM。Philipon’slittlearmyintheGalerieVero-Dodat。

Halfadozenpoorartistsontheoneside，andhisMajestyLouisPhilippe，hisaugustfamily，andthenumberlessplacemenandsupportersofthemonarchy，ontheother。itwassomethinglikeThersitesgirdingatAjax，andpiercingthroughthefoldsoftheclypeiseptempliciswiththepoisonousshaftsofhisscorn。OurFrenchThersiteswasnotalwaysanhonestopponent，itmustbeconfessed。andmanyanattackwasmadeuponthegiganticenemy，whichwascowardly，false，andmalignant。Buttoseethemonsterwrithingundertheeffectsofthearrow——toseehisuncouthfuryinreturn，andtheblindblowsthathedealtathisdiminutiveopponent！——notoneofthesetoldinahundred。whentheyDIDtell，itmaybeimaginedthattheywerefierceenoughinallconscience，andservedalmosttoannihilatetheadversary。

Tospeakmoreplainly，andtodropthemetaphorofgiantanddwarf，theKingoftheFrenchsufferedsomuch，hisMinistersweresomercilesslyridiculed，hisfamilyandhisownremarkablefiguredrawnwithsuchodiousandgrotesqueresemblance，infancifulattitudes，circumstances，anddisguises，soludicrouslymean，andoftensoappropriate，thattheKingwasobligedtodescendintothelistsandbattlehisridiculousenemyinform。Prosecutions，seizures，fines，regimentsoffuriouslegalofficials，werefirstbroughtintoplayagainstpoorM。Philiponandhislittledauntlesstroopofmaliciousartists。somefewwerebribedoutofhisranks。

andiftheydidnot，likeGilrayinEngland，turntheirweaponsupontheiroldfriends，atleastlaiddowntheirarms，andwouldfightnomore。Thebribes，fines，indictments，andloud-tonguedavocatsduroimadenoimpression。Philiponrepairedthedefeatofafinebysomefreshandfuriousattackuponhisgreatenemy。ifhisepigramsweremorecovert，theywerenolessbitter。ifhewasbeatenadozentimesbeforeajury，hehadeightyorninetyvictoriestoshowinthesamefieldofbattle，andeveryvictoryandeverydefeatbroughthimnewsympathy。EveryonewhowasatParisafewyearssincemustrecollectthefamouspoirewhichwaschalkeduponallthewallsofthecity，andwhichboresoludicrousaresemblancetoLouisPhilippe。Thepoirebecameanobjectofprosecution，andM。PhiliponappearedbeforeajurytoanswerforthecrimeofincitingtocontemptagainsttheKing’sperson，bygivingsuchaludicrousversionofhisface。Philipon，fordefence，producedasheetofpaper，anddrewapoire，areallargeBurgundypear：inthelowerpartsroundandcapacious，narrowernearthestalk，andcrownedwithtwoorthreecarelessleaves。

TherewasnotreasoninTHAT，hesaidtothejury。couldanyoneobjecttosuchaharmlessbotanicalrepresentation？Thenhedrewasecondpear，exactlyliketheformer，exceptthatoneortwolineswerescrawledinthemidstofit，whichboresomehowaludicrousresemblancetotheeyes，nose，andmouthofacelebratedpersonage。and，lastly，hedrewtheexactportraitofLouisPhilippe。thewell-knowntoupet，theamplewhiskersandjowlwerethere，neitherextenuatednorsetdowninmalice。CanIhelpit，gentlemenofthejury，then，saidhe，ifhisMajesty’sfaceislikeapear？Sayyourselves，respectablecitizens，isit，orisitnot，likeapear？Sucheloquencecouldnotfailofitseffect。

theartistwasacquitted，andLapoireisimmortal。

AtlastcamethefamousSeptemberlaws：thefreedomofthePress，which，fromAugust，1830，wastobedesormaisuneverite，wascalmlystrangledbytheMonarchwhohadgainedhiscrownforhissupposedchampionshipofit。byhisMinisters，someofwhomhadbeenstoutRepublicansonpaperbutafewyearsbefore。andbytheChamber，which，suchistheblessedconstitutionofFrenchelections，willgenerallyvote，unvote，revoteinanywaytheGovernmentwishes。Withawondrousunion，andhappyforgetfulnessofprinciple，monarch，ministers，anddeputiesissuedtherestrictionlaws。thePresswassenttoprison。asforthepoordearCaricature，itwasfairlymurdered。Nomorepoliticalsatiresappearnow，andthroughtheeye，correcttheheart。nomorepoiresripenonthewallsofthemetropolis。Philipon’spoliticaloccupationisgone。

Butthereisalwaysfoodforsatire。andtheFrenchcaricaturists，beingnolongerallowedtoholduptoridiculeandreprobationtheKingandthedeputies，havefoundnolackofsubjectsforthepencilintheridiculesandrascalitiesofcommonlife。WehavesaidthatpublicdecencyisgreateramongsttheFrenchthanamongstus，which，tosomeofourreaders，mayappearparadoxical。butweshallnotattempttoarguethat，inprivateroguery，ourneighborsarenotourequals。TheprocesofGisquet，whichhasappearedlatelyinthepapers，showshowdeepthedemoralizationmustbe，andhowaGovernment，baseditselfondishonesty(atyranny，thatis，underthetitleandfictionofademocracy，)mustpractiseandadmitcorruptioninitsownandinitsagents’dealingswiththenation。Accordingly，ofcheatingcontracts，ofministersdabblingwiththefunds，orextractingunderhandprofitsforthegrantingofunjustprivilegesandmonopolies，——ofgrasping，enviouspolicerestrictions，whichdestroythefreedom，and，withit，theintegrityofcommerce，——thosewholiketoexaminesuchdetailsmayfindplentyinFrenchhistory：thewholeFrenchfinancesystemhasbeenaswindlefromthedaysofLuvois，orLaw，downtothepresenttime。TheGovernmentswindlesthepublic，andthesmalltradersswindletheircustomers，ontheauthorityandexampleofthesuperiorpowers。Hencetheartofroguery，undersuchhighpatronage，maintainsinFranceanoblefrontofimpudence，andafineaudaciousopenness，whichitdoesnotwearinourcountry。

AmongthevariouscharactersofroguerywhichtheFrenchsatiristshaveamusedthemselvesbydepicting，thereisoneofwhichtheGREATNESS(usingthewordinthesensewhichMr。JonathanWildgavetoit)sofarexceedsthatofallothers，embracing，asitdoes，allinturn，thatithascometobeconsideredthetypeofrogueryingeneral。andnow，justasallthepoliticalsquibsweremadetocomeofoldfromthelipsofPasquin，allthereflectionsontheprevailingcant，knavery，quackery，humbug，areputintothemouthofMonsieurRobertMacaire。

Aplaywaswritten，sometwentyyearssince，calledtheAubergedesAdrets，inwhichthecharactersoftworobbersescapedfromthegalleyswereintroduced——RobertMacaire，thecleverrogueabovementioned，andBertrand，thestupidrogue，hisfriend，accomplice，butt，andscapegoat，onalloccasionsofdanger。Itisneedlesstodescribetheplay——awitlessperformanceenough，ofwhichthejokewasMacaire’sexaggeratedstyleofconversation，afarragoofallsortsofhigh-flownsentimentssuchastheFrenchlovetoindulgein——contrastedwithhisactions，whichwerephilosophicallyunscrupulous，andhisappearance，whichwasmostpicturesquelysordid。Theplayhadbeenacted，webelieve，andforgotten，whenaverycleveractor，M。FrederickLemaitre，tookuponhimselftheperformanceofthecharacterofRobertMacaire，andlooked，spoke，andactedittosuchadmirableperfection，thatthewholetownrungwithapplausesoftheperformance，andthecaricaturistsdelightedtocopyhissingularfigureandcostume。M。RobertMacaireappearsinamostpicturesquegreencoat，withavarietyofrentsandpatches，apairofcrimsonpantaloonsornamentedinthesameway，enormouswhiskersandringlets，anenormousstockandshirt-frill，asdirtyandraggedasstockandshirt-frillcanbe，therelicofahatverygaylycockedoveroneeye，andapatchtotakeawaysomewhatfromthebrightnessoftheother——thesearetheprincipalpiecesofhiscostume——asnuff-boxlikeacreakingwarming-pan，ahandkerchiefhangingtogetherbyamiracle，andaswitchofaboutthethicknessofaman’sthigh，formedtheornamentsofthisexquisitepersonage。HeisacompoundofFielding’sBlueskinandGoldsmith’sBeauTibbs。Hehasthedirtanddandyismoftheone，withtheferocityoftheother：sometimesheismadetoswindle，butwherehecangetashillingmore，M。Macairewillmurderwithoutscruple：heperformsoneandtheotheract(oranyinthescalebetweenthem)withasimilarblandimperturbability，andaccompanieshisactionswithsuchphilosophicalremarksasmaybeexpectedfromapersonofhistalents，hisenergies，hisamiablelifeandcharacter。

BertrandisthesimplerecipientofMacaire’sjokes，andmakesvicariousatonementforhiscrimes，acting，infact，thepartwhichpantaloonperformsinthepantomime，whoisentirelyunderthefatalinfluenceofclown。Heisquiteasmucharogueasthatgentleman，buthehasnothisgeniusandcourage。So，inpantomimes，(itmay，doubtless，havebeenremarkedbythereader，)

clownalwaysleapsfirst，pantaloonfollowingafter，moreclumsilyandtimidlythanhisboldandaccomplishedfriendandguide。

Whateverblowsaredestinedforclown，fall，bysomemeansofill-

luck，uponthepateofpantaloon：whenevertheclownrobs，thestolenarticlesaresuretobefoundinhiscompanion’spocket。andthusexactlyRobertMacaireandhiscompanionBertrandaremadetogothroughtheworld。bothswindlers，buttheonemoreaccomplishedthantheother。Bothrobbingalltheworld，andRobertrobbinghisfriend，and，intheeventofdanger，leavinghimfaithfullyinthelurch。Thereis，inthetwocharacters，somegrotesquegoodforthespectator——akindofBeggars’Operamoral。

EversinceRobert，withhisdandifiedragsandairs，hiscaneandsnuff-box，andBertrandwithtornsurtoutandall-absorbingpocket，haveappearedonthestage，theyhavebeenpopularwiththeParisians。andwiththesetwotypesofcleverandstupidknavery，M。PhiliponandhiscompanionDaumierhavecreatedaworldofpleasantsatireuponalltheprevailingabusesoftheday。

Almostthefirstfigurethattheseaudaciouscaricaturistsdaredtodepictwasapoliticalone：inMacaire’sredbreechesandtatteredcoatappearednolessapersonagethantheKinghimself——theoldPoire——inacountryofhumbugsandswindlersthefacileprinceps。

fittogovern，asheisdeeperthanalltheroguesinhisdominions。Bertrandwasoppositetohim，andhavinglistenedwithdelightandreverencetosometaleofknaverytrulyroyal，wasexclaimingwithalookandvoiceexpressiveofthemostintenseadmiration，AHVIEUXBLAGEUR！va！——thewordblagueisuntranslatable——itmeansFRENCHhumbugasdistinctfromallother。

andonlythosewhoknowthevalueofanepigraminFrance，anepigramsowonderfullyjust，alittlewordsocuriouslycomprehensive，canfancythekindofrageandrapturewithwhichitwasreceived。Itwasablowthatshookthewholedynasty。

ThersiteshadtheregivensuchawoundtoAjax，asHectorinarmscouldscarcelyhaveinflicted：ablowsufficientalmosttocreatethemadnesstowhichthefabulousheroofHomerandOvidfellaprey。

Notlong，however，wasFrenchcaricatureallowedtoattackpersonagessoillustrious：theSeptemberlawscame，andhenceforthnomoreepigramswerelaunchedagainstpolitics。butthecaricaturistswerecompelledtoconfinetheirsatiretosubjectsandcharactersthathadnothingtodowiththeState。TheDukeofOrleanswasnolongertofigureinlithographyasthefantasticPrinceRosolin。nolongerweremultitudes(inchalk)toshelterundertheenormousshadowofM。d’Argout’snose：MarshalLoban’ssquirtwashungupinpeace，andM。Thiers’spigmyfigureandroundspectacledfacewerenomoretoappearinprint。*RobertMacairewasdrivenoutoftheChambersandthePalace——hisremarkswereagreatdealtooappropriateandtooseverefortheearsofthegreatmenwhocongregatedinthoseplaces。

*AlmostalltheprincipalpublicmenhadbeenmostludicrouslycaricaturedintheCharivari：thosementionedabovewereusuallydepictedwiththedistinctiveattributesmentionedbyus。

TheChambersandthePalacewereshuttohim。buttherogue，drivenoutofhisrogue’sparadise，sawthattheworldwasallbeforehimwheretochoose，andfoundnolackofopportunitiesforexercisinghiswit。TherewastheBar，withitsroguishpractitioners，rascallyattorneys，stupidjuries，andforswornjudges。therewastheBourse，withallitsgambling，swindling，andhoaxing，itscheatsanditsdupes。theMedicalProfession，andthequackswhoruledit，alternately。theStage，andthecantthatwasprevalentthere。theFashion，anditsthousandfolliesandextravagances。

RobertMacairehadallthesetoexploiter。Ofalltheempire，throughalltheranks，professions，thelies，crimes，andabsurditiesofmen，hemaymakesportatwill。ofallexceptofacertainclass。LikeBluebeard’swife，hemayseeeverything，butisbiddenTOBEWAREOFTHEBLUECHAMBER。RobertismorewisethanBluebeard’swife，andknowsthatitwouldcosthimhisheadtoenterit。Robert，therefore，keepsaloofforthemoment。Wouldtherebeanyuseinhismartyrdom？Bluebeardcannotliveforever。

perhaps，evennow，thoseareontheirway(oneseesasuspiciouscloudofdustortwo)thataretodestroyhim。

InthemeantimeRobertandhisfriendhavebeenfurnishingthedesignsthatwehavebeforeus，andofwhichperhapsthereaderwillbeedifiedbyabriefdescription。Wearenot，tobesure，tojudgeoftheFrenchnationbyM。Macaire，anymorethanwearetojudgeofourownnationalmoralsinthelastcenturybysuchabookastheBeggars’Opera。butuponthemoralsandthenationalmanners，worksofsatireaffordaworldoflightthatonewouldinvainlookforinregularbooksofhistory。DoctorSmollettwouldhaveblushedtodevoteanyconsiderableportionofhispagestoadiscussionoftheactsandcharacterofMr。JonathanWild，suchafigurebeinghardlyadmissibleamongthedignifiedpersonageswhousuallypushallothersoutfromthepossessionofthehistoricalpage。butachapterofthatgentleman’smemoirs，astheyarerecordedinthatexemplaryrecueil——theNewgateCalendar。nay，acantoofthegreatcomicepic(involvingmanyfables，andcontainingmuchexaggeration，butstillhavingtheseedsoftruth)

whichthesatiricalpoetofthosedayswroteincelebrationofhim——

wemeanFielding’sHistoryofJonathanWildtheGreat——doesseemtoustogiveamorecuriouspictureofthemannersofthosetimesthananyrecognizedhistoryofthem。AtthecloseofhishistoryofGeorgeII。，SmollettcondescendstogiveashortchapteronLiteratureandManners。HespeaksofGlover’sLeonidas，Cibber’sCarelessHusband，thepoemsofMason，Gray，thetwoWhiteheads，thenervousstyle，extensiveerudition，andsuperiorsenseofaCorke。thedelicatetaste，thepolishedmuse，andtenderfeelingofaLyttelton。King，hesays，shoneunrivalledinRomaneloquence，thefemalesexdistinguishedthemselvesbytheirtasteandingenuity。MissCarterrivalledthecelebratedDacierinlearningandcriticalknowledge。Mrs。Lennoxsignalizedherselfbymanysuccessfuleffortsofgeniusbothinpoetryandprose。andMissReidexcelledthecelebratedRosalbainportrait-painting，bothinminiatureandatlarge，inoilaswellasincrayons。ThegeniusofCervanteswastransferredintothenovelsofFielding，whopaintedthecharactersandridiculedthefolliesoflifewithequalstrength，humor，andpropriety。Thefieldofhistoryandbiographywascultivatedbymanywritersofability，amongwhomwedistinguishthecopiousGuthrie，thecircumstantialRalph，thelaboriousCarte，thelearnedandelegantRobertson，andaboveall，theingenious，penetrating，andcomprehensiveHume，&c。&c。Wewillquotenomoreofthepassage。Couldamaninthebesthumorsitdowntowriteagraversatire？WhocaresforthetendermuseofLyttelton？WhoknowsthesignaleffortsofMrs。Lennox’sgenius？Whohasseentheadmirableperformances，inminiatureandatlarge，inoilaswellasincrayons，ofMissReid？LaboriousCarte，andcircumstantialRalph，andcopiousGuthrie，wherearethey，theirworks，andtheirreputation？Mrs。Lennox’snameisjustascleanwipedoutofthelistofworthiesasifshehadneverbeenborn。andMissReid，thoughshewasonceactualfleshandblood，rivalinminiatureandatlargeofthecelebratedRosalba，sheisasifshehadneverbeenatall。herlittlefarthingrushlightofasoulandreputationhavingburntout，andleftneitherwicknortallow。Death，too，hasovertakencopiousGuthrieandcircumstantialRalph。OnlyafewknowwhereaboutsisthegravewherelieslaboriousCarte。andyet，Owondrouspowerofgenius！

Fielding’smenandwomenarealive，thoughHistory’sarenot。TheprogenitorsofcircumstantialRalphsentforth，aftermuchlaborandpainsofmaking，educating，feeding，clothing，arealmanchild，agreatpalpablemassofflesh，bones，andblood(wesaynothingaboutthespirit)，whichwastomovethroughtheworld，ponderous，writinghistories，andtodie，havingachievedthetitleofcircumstantialRalph。andlo！withoutanyofthetroublethattheparentsofRalphhadundergone，aloneperhapsinawatchorspunging-house，fuddledmostlikely，intheblandest，easiest，andmostgood-humoredwayintheworld，HenryFieldingmakesanumberofmenandwomenonsomanysheetsofpaper，notonlymoreamusingthanRalphorMissReid，butmorelikefleshandblood，andmorealivenowthanthey。IsnotAmeliapreparingherhusband’slittlesupper？IsnotMissSnappchastelypreventingthecrimeofMr。

Firebrand？IsnotParsonAdamsinthemidstofhisfamily，andMr。

WildtakinghislastbowlofpunchwiththeNewgateOrdinary？IsnoteveryoneofthemarealsubstantialHAVE-beenpersonagenow——

morerealthanReidorRalph？Forourparts，wewillnottakeuponourselvestosaythattheydonotexistsomewhereelse：thattheactionsattributedtothemhavenotreallytakenplace。certainwearethattheyaremoreworthyofcredencethanRalph，whomayormaynothavebeencircumstantial。whomayormaynotevenhaveexisted，apointunworthyofdisputation。AsforMissReid，wewilltakeanaffidavitthatneitherinminiaturenoratlargedidsheexcelthecelebratedRosalba。andwithregardtoMrs。Lennox，weconsiderhertobeamerefigment，likeNarcissa，MissTabithaBramble，oranyheroorheroinedepictedbythehistorianofPeregrinePickle。

Inlikemanner，afterviewingnearlyninetyportraitsofRobertMacaireandhisfriendBertrand，allstronglyresemblingeachother，weareinclinedtobelieveinthemashistoricalpersonages，andtocanvassgravelythecircumstancesoftheirlives。Whyshouldwenot？Havewenottheirportraits？Arenottheysufficientproofs？Ifnot，wemustdiscreditNapoleon(asArchbishopWhatelyteaches)，forabouthisfigureandhimselfwehavenomoreauthentictestimony。

LettherealityofM。RobertMacaireandhisfriendM。Bertrandbegranted，ifbuttogratifyourownfondnessforthoseexquisitecharacters：wefindtheworthypairintheFrenchcapital，minglingwithallgradesofitssociety，parsmagnaintheintrigues，pleasures，perplexities，rogueries，speculations，whicharecarriedoninParis，asinourownchiefcity。foritneednotbesaidthatrogueryisofnocountrynorclime，butfinds[Greektextomitted]，isacitizenofallcountrieswherethequartersaregood。amongourmerryneighborsitfindsitselfverymuchatitsease。

Notbeingendowed，then，withpatrimonialwealth，butcompelledtoexercisetheirgeniustoobtaindistinction，orevensubsistence，weseeMessrs。BertrandandMacaire，byturns，adoptingalltradesandprofessions，andexercisingeachwiththeirownpeculiaringenuity。Aspublicmen，wehavespokenalreadyoftheirappearanceinoneortwoimportantcharacters，andstatedthattheGovernmentgrewfairlyjealousofthem，excludingthemfromoffice，astheWhigsdidLordBrougham。Asprivateindividuals，theyaremadetodistinguishthemselvesasthefoundersofjournals，societesencommandite(companiesofwhichthemembersareirresponsiblebeyondtheamountoftheirshares)，andallsortsofcommercialspeculations，requiringintelligenceandhonestyonthepartofthedirectors，confidenceandliberaldisbursementsfromtheshareholders。

Theseare，amongtheFrench，sonumerous，andhavebeenoflateyears(intheshapeofNewspaperCompanies，BitumenCompanies，Galvanized-IronCompanies，RailroadCompanies，&c。)pursuedwithsuchablindFURORandlustofgain，bythateasilyexcitedandimaginativepeople，that，asmaybeimagined，thesatiristhasfoundplentyofoccasionforremark，andM。Macaireandhisfriendinnumerableopportunitiesforexercisingtheirtalents。

WeknownothingofM。EmiledeGirardin，exceptthat，inaduel，heshotthebestmaninFrance，ArmaudCarrel。andinGirardin’sfavoritmustbesaid，thathehadnootheralternative。butwasrightinprovokingtheduel，seeingthatthewholeRepublicanpartyhadvowedhisdestruction，andthathefoughtandkilledtheirchampion，asitwere。WeknownothingofM。Girardin’sprivatecharacter：but，asfaraswecanjudgefromtheFrenchpublicprints，heseemstobethemostspeculativeofspeculators，and，ofcourse，afairbuttforthemaliceofthecaricaturists。Hisonegreatcrime，intheeyesoftheFrenchRepublicansandRepublicannewspaperproprietors，was，thatGirardinsetupajournal，ashecalledit，franchementmonarchique，——ajournalinthepayofthemonarchy，thatis，——andajournalthatcostonlyfortyfrancsbytheyear。TheNationalcoststwiceasmuch。theCharivariitselfcostshalfasmuchagain。andthoughallnewspapers，ofallparties，concurredinsnubbingpoorM。Girardinandhisjournal，theRepublicanprints，werebyfarthemostbitteragainsthim，thunderingdailyaccusationsandpersonalities。whethertheabusewaswellorillfounded，weknownot。HencearosetheduelwithCarrel。aftertheterminationofwhich，Girardinputbyhispistol，andvowed，veryproperly，toassistinthesheddingofnomoreblood。Girardinhadbeentheoriginatorofnumerousotherspeculationsbesidesthejournal：thecapitalofthese，likethatofthejournal，wasraisedbyshares，andtheshareholders，bysomefatality，havefoundthemselveswofullyinthelurch。whileGirardincarriesonthewargayly，is，orwas，amemberoftheChamberofDeputies，hasmoney，goestoCourt，andpossessesacertainkindofreputation。Heinvented，webelieve，theInstitutionAgronomedeCoetbo，*thePhysionotype，theJournaldesConnoissancesUtiles，thePantheonLitteraire，andthesystemofPrimes——premiums，thatis——tobegiven，bylottery，tocertainsubscribersintheseinstitutions。CouldRobertMacaireseesuchthingsgoingon，andhavenohandinthem？

*Itisnotnecessarytoenterintodescriptionsofthesevariousinventions。

AccordinglyMessrs。MacaireandBertrandaremadetheheroesofmanyspeculationsofthekind。Inalmostthefirstprintofourcollection，RobertdiscoursestoBertrandofhisprojects。

Bertrand，saysthedisinterestedadmireroftalentandenterprise，j’adorel’industrie。Situveuxnouscreonsunebanque，maisla，unevraiebanque：capitalcentmillionsdemillions，centmilliardsdemilliardsd’actions。NousenfonconslabanquedeFrance，lesbanquiers，lesbanquistes。nousenfonconstoutlemonde。Oui，saysBertrand，verycalmandstupid，maislesgendarmes？Quetuesbete，Bertrand：est-cequ’onarreteunmillionaire？SuchisthekeytoM。Macaire’sphilosophy。andawisecreedtoo，astimesgo。

Actingontheseprinciples，Robertappearssoonafter。hehasnotcreatedabank，butajournal。Hesitsinachairofstate，anddiscoursestoashareholder。Bertrand，calmandstupidasbefore，standshumblybehind。Sir，saystheeditorofLaBlague，journalquotidienne，ourprofitsarisefromanewcombination。Thejournalcoststwentyfrancs。wesellitfortwenty-threeandahalf。Amillionsubscribersmakethreemillionsandahalfofprofits。therearemyfigures。contradictmebyfigures，orIwillbringanactionforlibel。ThereadermayfancythescenetakesplaceinEngland，wheremanysuchaswindlingprospectushasobtainedcrediterenow。AtPlate33，Robertisstillajournalist。

hebringstotheeditorofapaperanarticleofhiscomposition，aviolentattackonalaw。MydearM。Macaire，saystheeditor，thismustbechanged。wemustPRAISEthislaw。Bon，bon！saysourversatileMacaire。Jevaisretoucherca，etjevousfaisenfaveurdelaloiUNARTICLEMOUSSEUX。

Cansuchthingsbe？IsitpossiblethatFrenchjournalistscansoforgetthemselves？Therogues！theyshouldcometoEnglandandlearnconsistency。ThehonestyofthePressinEnglandisliketheairwebreathe，withoutitwedie。No，no！inFrance，thesatiremaydoverywell。butforEnglanditistoomonstrous。Callthepressstupid，callitvulgar，callitviolent，——buthonestitis。

Whoeverheardofajournalchangingitspolitics？Otempora！O

mores！asRobertMacairesays，thiswouldbecarryingthejoketoofar。

Whenhehasdonewithnewspapers，RobertMacairebeginstodistinguishhimselfon’Change，*asacreatorofcompanies，avenderofshares，oradabblerinforeignstock。Buymycoal-mineshares，shoutsRobert。goldmines，silvermines，diamondmines，’sontdelapot-bouilledelaratatouilleencomparaisondemahouille。’Look，sayshe，onanotheroccasion，toaverytimid，open-countenancedclient，youhaveapropertytosell！Ihavefoundtheveryman，arichcapitalist，afellowwhosebillsarebetterthanbank-notes。Hisclientsells。thebillsaretakeninpayment，andsignedbythatrespectablecapitalist，MonsieurdeSaintBertrand。AtPlate81，wefindhiminditingacircularlettertoalltheworld，runningthus：Sir，——IregrettosaythatyourapplicationforsharesintheConsolidatedEuropeanIncombustibleBlackingAssociationcannotbecompliedwith，asallthesharesoftheC。E。I。B。A。weredisposedofonthedaytheywereissued。Ihave，nevertheless，registeredyourname，andincaseasecondseriesshouldbeputforth，Ishallhavethehonorofimmediatelygivingyounotice。Iam，sir，yours，&c。，theDirector，RobertMacaire——Print300，000ofthese，hesaystoBertrand，andpoisonallFrancewiththem。Asusual，thestupidBertrandremonstrates——Butwehavenotsoldasingleshare。youhavenotapennyinyourpocket，and——Bertrand，youareanass。

doasIbidyou。

*WehavegivenadescriptionofagenteelMacaireintheaccountofM。deBernard’snovels。

WillthissatireapplyanywhereinEngland？HaveweanyConsolidatedEuropeanBlackingAssociationsamongstus？HavewepennilessdirectorsissuingElDoradoprospectuses，andjockeyingtheirsharesthroughthemarket？Forinformationonthishead，wemustreferthereadertothenewspapers。orifhebeconnectedwiththecity，andacquaintedwithcommercialmen，hewillbeabletosaywhetherALLthepersonswhosenamesfigureattheheadofannouncementsofprojectedcompaniesareasrichasRothschild，orquiteashonestasheartcoulddesire。

WhenMacairehassufficientlyexploitetheBourse，whetherasagamblerinthepublicfundsorothercompanies，hesagelyperceivesthatitistimetoturntosomeotherprofession，and，providinghimselfwithablackgown，proposesblandlytoBertrandtosetup——

anewreligion。Monami，saystherepentantsinner，letempsdelacommanditevapasser，MAISLESBADAUDSNEPASSERONTPAS。(O

raresentence！itshouldbewritteninlettersofgold！)OCCUPONS

NOUSDECEQUIESTETERNEL。Sinousfassionsunereligion？OnwhichM。Bertrandremarks，Areligion！whatthedevil——areligionisnotaneasythingtomake。ButMacaire’sreceiptiseasy。

Getagown，takeashop，hesays，borrowsomechairs，preachaboutNapoleon，orthediscoveryofAmerica，orMoliere——andthere’sareligionforyou。

Wehavequotedthissentencemoreforthecontrastitofferswithourownmanners，thanforitsmerits。Afterthenobleparagraph，Lesbadaudsnepasserontpas。Occuponsnousdecequiesteternel，onewouldhaveexpectedbettersatireuponcantthanthewordsthatfollow。WearenotinaconditiontosaywhetherthesubjectschosenarethosethathadbeenselectedbyPereEnfantin，orChatel，orLacordaire。butthewordsarecurious，wethink，fortheveryreasonthatthesatireissopoor。Thefactis，thereisnoreligioninParis。evencleverM。Philipon，whosatirizeseverything，andmustknow，therefore，somelittleaboutthesubjectwhichheridicules，hasnothingtosaybut，Preachasermon，andthatmakesareligion。anythingwilldo。IfANYTHINGwilldo，itisclearthatthereligiouscommodityisnotinmuchdemand。

Tartuffehadbetterthingstosayabouthypocrisyinhistime。butthenFaithwasalive。now，thereisnosatirizingreligiouscantinFrance，foritscontrary，truereligion，hasdisappearedaltogether。

andhavingnosubstance，cancastnoshadow。IfasatiristwouldlashthereligioushypocritesinENGLANDnow——theHighChurchhypocrites，theLowChurchhypocrites，thepromiscuousDissentinghypocrites，theNoPoperyhypocrites——hewouldhaveamplesubjectenough。InFrance，thereligioushypocriteswentoutwiththeBourbons。Thosewhoremainpiousinthatcountry(or，rather，weshouldsay，inthecapital，forofthatwespeak，)areunaffectedlyso，fortheyhavenoworldlybenefittohopeforfromtheirpiety。

thegreatmajorityhavenoreligionatall，anddonotscoffatthefew，forscoffingistheminority’sweapon，andispassedalwaystotheweakerside，whateverthatmaybe。ThusH。B。caricaturestheMinisters：ifbyanyaccidentthatbodyofmenshouldbedismissedfromtheirsituations，andbesucceededbyH。B。’sfriends，theTories，——whatmustthepoorartistdo？Hemustpineawayanddie，ifhebenotconverted。hecannotalwaysbepayingcompliments。forcaricaturehasaspiceofGoethe’sDevilinit，andisderGeistderstetsverneint，theSpiritthatisalwaysdenying。

WithoneortwooftheFrenchwritersandpaintersofcaricatures，theKingtriedtheexperimentofbribery。whichsucceededoccasionallyinbuyingofftheenemy，andbringinghimfromtherepublicantotheroyalcamp。butwhenthere，thedeserterwasneverofanyuse。Figaro，whensotreated，grewfatanddesponding，andlostallhissprightlyVERVE。andNemesisbecameasgentleasaQuakeress。Buttheseinstancesofrattingwerenotmany。Somefewpoetswereboughtover。but，amongmenfollowingtheprofessionofthepress，achangeofpoliticsisaninfringementofthepointofhonor，andamanmustFIGHTaswellasapostatize。Averycurioustablemightbemade，signalizingthedifferenceofthemoralstandardbetweenusandtheFrench。Whyisthegrossnessandindelicacy，publiclypermittedinEngland，unknowninFrance，whereprivatemoralityiscertainlyatalowerebb？WhyisthepointofprivatehonornowmorerigidlymaintainedamongtheFrench？Whyisit，asitshouldbe，amoraldisgraceforaFrenchmantogointodebt，andnodisgraceforhimtocheathiscustomer？Whyistheremorehonestyandless——moreproprietyandless？——andhowarewetoaccountfortheparticularvicesorvirtueswhichbelongtoeachnationinitsturn？

TheaboveistheReverendM。Macaire’ssolitaryexploitasaspiritualswindler：asMAITREMacaireinthecourtsoflaw，asavocat，avoue——inahumblercapacityeven，asaprisoneratthebar，hedistinguisheshimselfgreatly，asmaybeimagined。Ononeoccasionwefindthelearnedgentlemanhumanelyvisitinganunfortunatedetenu——nootherperson，infact，thanhisfriendM。

Bertrand，whohasfallenintosometrouble，andisawaitingthesentenceofthelaw。Hebegins——

MoncherBertrand，donnemoicentecus，jetefaisacquitterd’emblee。

J’aipasd’argent。

Hebien，donnemoicentfrancs。

Paslesou。

Tun’aspasdixfrancs？

Pasunliard。

Alorsdonnemoitesbottes，jeplaiderailacirconstanceattenuante。

ThemannerinwhichMaitreMacairesoarsfromthecentecus(ahighpointalready)tothesublimeoftheboots，isinthebestcomicstyle。Inanotherinstancehepleadsbeforeajudge，and，mistakinghisclient，pleadsfordefendant，insteadofplaintiff。

Theinfamyoftheplaintiff’scharacter，myLUDS，rendershistestimonyonsuchachargeasthiswhollyunavailing。M。

Macaire，M。Macaire，criestheattorney，inafright，youarefortheplaintiff！This，mylords，iswhatthedefendantWILLSAY。

Thisisthelineofdefencewhichtheoppositepartyintendtopursue。asifslanderslikethesecouldweighwithanenlightenedjury，orinjurethespotlessreputationofmyclient！InthisstoryandexpedientM。MacairehasbeenindebtedtotheEnglishbar。IftherebeanoccupationfortheEnglishsatiristintheexposingofthecantandknaveryofthepretenderstoreligion，whatroomisthereforhimtolashtheinfamiesofthelaw！OnthispointtheFrencharebabesininiquitycomparedtous——acounselprostitutinghimselfformoneyisamatterwithussostale，thatitishardlyfoodforsatire：which，tobepopular，mustfindsomemuchmorecomplicatedandinterestingknaverywhereontoexerciseitsskill。

M。Macaireismoreskilfulinlovethaninlaw，andappearsonceortwiceinaveryamiablelightwhileundertheinfluenceofthetenderpassion。Wefindhimattheheadofoneofthoseusefulestablishmentsunknowninourcountry——aBureaudeMariage：halfadozenofsuchplacesaredailyadvertisedinthejournals：anduneveuvedetrenteansayantunefortunededeuxcentmillefrancs，

orunedemoiselledequinzeaus，jolie，d’unefamilletresdistinguee，quipossedetrentemillelivresderentes，——

continually，inthiskind-heartedway，areofferingthemselvestothepublic：sometimesitisagentleman，withaphysiqueagreable，——destalensdesociete——andaplaceunderGovernment，whomakesasacrificeofhimselfinasimilarmanner。Inourlittlehistoricalgallerywefindthisphilanthropicanti-Malthusianattheheadofanestablishmentofthiskind，introducingaverymeek，simple-lookingbachelortosomedistinguishedladiesofhisconnoissance。Letmepresentyou，sir，toMadamedeSt。Bertrand

(itisouroldfriend)，veuvedelagrandearmee，etMdlleEloadeWormspire。Cesdamesbrulentdel’enviedefairevotreconnoissance。

Jelesaiinviteesadinerchezvouscesoir：vousnousmenerezal’opera，etnousferonsunepetitepartied’ecarte。Tenezvousbien，M。Gobard！cesdamesontdesprojetssurvous！

HappyGobard！happysystem，whichcanthusbringthepureandlovingtogether，andactsasthebestallyofHymen！TheannouncementoftherankandtitlesofMadamedeSt。Bertrand——

veuvedelagrandearmee——isveryhappy。Lagrandearmeehasbeenafathertomoreorphans，andahusbandtomorewidows，thanitevermade。Mistressesofcafes，oldgovernesses，keepersofboarding-houses，genteelbeggars，andladiesoflowerrankstill，havethisfavoritepedigree。Theyhaveallhadmalheurs(whatkinditisneedlesstoparticularize)，theyareallconnectedwiththegrandhomme，andtheirfatherswereallcolonels。Thistitleexactlyanswerstotheclergyman’sdaughterinEngland——as，A

younglady，thedaughterofaclergyman，isdesiroustoteach，&c。

Aclergyman’swidowreceivesintoherhouseafewselect，andsoforth。Appealtothebenevolent——Byaseriesofunheard-ofcalamities，ayounglady，daughterofaclergymaninthewestofEngland，hasbeenplunged，&c。&c。Thedifferenceiscurious，asindicatingthestandardofrespectability。

ThemalebeggaroffashionisnotsowellknownamongusasinParis，wherestreet-doorsareopen。sixoreightfamiliesliveinahouse。andthegentlemanwhoearnshislivelihoodbythisprofessioncanmakehalfadozenvisitswithoutthetroubleofknockingfromhousetohouse，andthepainofbeingobservedbythewholestreet，whilethefootmanisexamininghimfromthearea。

SomefewmaybeseeninEnglandabouttheinnsofcourt，wherethelocalityisfavorable(where，however，theownersofthechambersarenotproverbiallysoftofheart，sothattheharvestmustbepoor)。butParisisfullofsuchadventurers，——fat，smooth-tongued，andwelldressed，withglovesandgilt-headedcanes，whowouldbeinsultedalmostbytheofferofsilver，andexpectyourgoldastheirright。Amongthese，ofcourse，ourfriendRobertplayshispart。andanexcellentengravingrepresentshim，snuff-boxinhand，advancingtoanoldgentleman，whom，byhispoodle，hispowderedhead，andhisdrivelling，stupidlook，oneknowstobeaCarlistoftheoldregime。Ibegpardon，saysRobert。isitreallyyourselftowhomIhavethehonorofspeaking？——Itis。Doyoutakesnuff？——Ithankyou——Sir，Ihavehadmisfortunes——Iwantassistance。IamaVendeanofillustriousbirth。YouknowthefamilyofMacairbec——weareofBrest。MygrandfatherservedtheKinginhisgalleys。myfatherandIbelong，also，tothemarine。

Unfortunatesuitsatlawhaveplungedusintodifficulties，andI

donothesitatetoaskyouforthesuccoroftenfrancs——Sir，I

nevergivetothoseIdon’tknow——Right，sir，perfectlyright。

PerhapsyouwillhavethekindnesstoLENDmetenfrancs？

TheadventuresofDoctorMacaireneednotbedescribed，becausethedifferentdegreesinquackerywhicharetakenbythatlearnedphysicianareallwellknowninEngland，wherewehavetheadvantageofmanyhigherdegreesinthescience，whichourneighborsknownothingabout。WehavenotHahnemann，butwehavehisdisciples。wehavenotBroussais，butwehavetheCollegeofHealth。andsurelyadoseofMorrison’spillsisasublimerdiscoverythanadraughtofhotwater。WehadSt。JohnLong，too——

whereishisscience？——andwearecrediblyinformedthatsomeimportantcureshavebeeneffectedbytheinspireddignitariesofthechurchinNewmanStreetwhich，ifitcontinuetopractise，willsadlyinterferewiththeprofitsoftheregularphysicians，andwherethemiraclesoftheAbbeofParisareabouttobeactedoveragain。

InspeakingofM。Macaireandhisadventures，wehavemanagedsoentirelytoconvinceourselvesoftherealityofthepersonage，thatwehavequiteforgottentospeakofMessrs。PhiliponandDaumier，whoare，theonetheinventor，theotherthedesigner，oftheMacairePictureGallery。Asworksofesprit，thesedrawingsarenotmoreremarkablethantheyareasworksofart，andweneverrecollecttohaveseenaseriesofsketchespossessingmoreextraordinaryclevernessandvariety。ThecountenanceandfigureofMacaireandthedearstupidBertrandarepreserved，ofcourse，withgreatfidelitythroughout。buttheadmirablewayinwhicheachfreshcharacterisconceived，thegrotesqueappropriatenessofRobert’severysuccessiveattitudeandgesticulation，andthevarietyofBertrand’sposturesofinvariablerepose，theexquisitefitnessofalltheothercharacters，whoacttheirlittlepartanddisappearfromthescene，cannotbedescribedonpaper，ortoohighlylauded。Thefiguresareverycarelesslydrawn。but，ifthereadercanunderstandus，alltheattitudesandlimbsareperfectlyCONCEIVED，andwonderfullynaturalandvarious。Afterponderingoverthesedrawingsforsomehours，aswehavebeenwhilecompilingthisnoticeofthem，wehavegrowntobelievethatthepersonagesarereal，andthescenesremainimprintedonthebrainasifwehadabsolutelybeenpresentattheiracting。Perhapsthecleverwayinwhichtheplatesarecolored，andtheexcellenteffectwhichisputintoeach，mayaddtothisillusion。Now，inlooking，forinstance，atH。B。’sslimvaporyfigures，theyhavestruckusasexcellentLIKENESSESofmenandwomen，butnomore：thebodieswantspirit，action，andindividuality。GeorgeCruikshank，asahumorist，hasquiteasmuchgenius，buthedoesnotknowtheartofeffectsowellasMonsieurDaumier。and，ifwemightventuretogiveawordofadvicetoanotherhumorousdesigner，whoseworksareextensivelycirculated——theillustratorofPickwickandNicholasNickleby，——itwouldbetostudywellthesecaricaturesofMonsieurDaumier。who，thoughheexecutesverycarelessly，knowsverywellwhathewouldexpress，indicatesperfectlytheattitudeandidentityofhisfigure，andisquiteaware，beforehand，oftheeffectwhichheintendstoproduce。Theoneweshouldfancytobeapractisedartist，takinghisease。theother，ayoungone，somewhatbewildered：averycleverone，however，who，ifhewouldthinkmore，andexaggerateless，wouldaddnotalittletohisreputation。

Havingpursued，allthroughtheseremarks，thecomparisonbetweenEnglishartandFrenchart，EnglishandFrenchhumor，manners，andmorals，perhapsweshouldendeavor，also，towriteananalyticalessayonEnglishcantorhumbug，asdistinguishedfromFrench。Itmightbeshownthatthelatterwasmorepicturesqueandstartling，theformermoresubstantialandpositive。IthasnoneofthepoeticflightsoftheFrenchgenius，butadvancessteadily，andgainsmoregroundintheendthanitssprightliercompeer。ButsuchadiscussionwouldcarryusthroughthewholerangeofFrenchandEnglishhistory，andthereaderhasprobablyreadquiteenoughofthesubjectinthisandtheforegoingpages。

Weshall，therefore，saynomoreofFrenchandEnglishcaricaturesgenerally，orofMr。Macaire’sparticularaccomplishmentsandadventures。Theyarefarbetterunderstoodbyexaminingtheoriginalpictures，bywhichPhiliponandDaumierhaveillustratedthem，thanbytranslationsfirstintoprintandafterwardsintoEnglish。TheyformaverycuriousandinstructivecommentaryuponthepresentstateofsocietyinParis，andahundredyearshence，whenthewholeofthisstruggling，noisy，busy，merryraceshallhaveexchangedtheirpleasuresoroccupationsforaquietcoffin(andatawdrylyingepitaph)atMontmartre，orPerelaChaise。whenthefollieshererecordedshallhavebeensupersededbynewones，andthefoolsnowsoactiveshallhavegivenuptheinheritanceoftheworldtotheirchildren：thelatterwill，atleast，havetheadvantageofknowing，intimatelyandexactly，themannersoflifeandbeingoftheirgrandsires，andcallingup，whentheysochooseit，ourghostsfromthegrave，tolive，love，quarrel，swindle，suffer，andstruggleonblindlyasofyore。Andwhentheamusedspeculatorshallhavelaughedsufficientlyattheimmensityofourfollies，andthepaltrinessofouraims，smiledatourexplodedsuperstitions，wonderedhowthismanshouldbeconsideredgreat，whoisnowcleanforgotten(ascopiousGuthriebeforementioned)。

howthisshouldhavebeenthoughtapatriotwhoisbutaknavespoutingcommonplace。orhowthatshouldhavebeendubbedaphilosopherwhoisbutadullfool，blinkingsolemn，andpretendingtoseeinthedark。whenheshallhaveexaminedalltheseathisleisure，smilinginapleasantcontemptandgood-humoredsuperiority，andthankingheavenforhisincreasedlights，hewillshutthebook，andbeafoolashisfatherswerebeforehim。

Itrunsintheblood。Wellhastthousaid，OraggedMacaire，——Lejourvapasser，MAISLESBADAUDSNEPASSERONTPAS。

LITTLEPOINSINET。

Abouttheyear1760，therelived，atParis，alittlefellow，whowasthedarlingofallthewagsofhisacquaintance。Natureseemed，intheformationofthislittleman，tohaveamusedherself，bygivingloosetohalfahundredofhermostcomicalcaprices。Hehadsomewitanddrolleryofhisown，whichsometimesrenderedhissalliesveryamusing。but，wherehisfriendslaughedwithhimonce，theylaughedathimathousandtimes，forhehadafundofabsurdityinhimselfthatwasmorepleasantthanallthewitintheworld。Hewasasproudasapeacock，aswickedasanape，andassillyasagoose。Hedidnotpossessonesinglegrainofcommonsense。but，inrevenge，hispretensionswereenormous，hisignorancevast，andhiscredulitymoreextensivestill。Fromhisyouthupwards，hehadreadnothingbutthenewnovels，andtheversesinthealmanacs，whichhelpedhimnotalittleinmaking，whathecalled，poetryofhisown。for，ofcourse，ourlittleherowasapoet。Allthecommonusagesoflife，allthewaysoftheworld，andallthecustomsofsociety，seemedtobequiteunknowntohim。addtothesegoodqualities，amagnificentconceit，acowardiceinconceivable，andafacesoirresistiblycomic，thateveryonewhofirstbehelditwascompelledtoburstouta-

laughing，andyouwillhavesomenotionofthisstrangelittlegentleman。Hewasveryproudofhisvoice，andutteredallhissentencesintherichesttragictone。Hewaslittlebetterthanadwarf。butheelevatedhiseyebrows，helduphisneck，walkedonthetipsofhistoes，andgavehimselftheairsofagiant。Hehadalittlepairofbandylegs，whichseemedmuchtooshorttosupportanythinglikeahumanbody。but，bythehelpofthesecrookedsupporters，hethoughthecoulddancelikeaGrace。and，indeed，fanciedallthegracespossibleweretobefoundinhisperson。

Hisgoggleeyeswerealwaysrollingaboutwildly，asifincorrespondencewiththedisorderofhislittlebrainandhiscountenancethusworeanexpressionofperpetualwonder。Withsuchhappynaturalgifts，henotonlyfellintoalltrapsthatwerelaidforhim，butseemedalmosttogooutofhiswaytoseekthem。

although，tobesure，hisfriendsdidnotgivehimmuchtroubleinthatsearch，fortheypreparedhoaxesforhimincessantly。

Onedaythewagsintroducedhimtoacompanyofladies，who，thoughnotcountessesandprincessesexactly，took，nevertheless，thosetitlesuponthemselvesforthenonce。andwereall，forthesamereason，violentlysmittenwithMasterPoinsinet’sperson。Oneofthem，theladyofthehouse，wasespeciallytender。and，seatinghimbyhersideatsupper，sopliedhimwithsmiles，ogles，andchampagne，thatourlittleherogrewcrazedwithecstasy，andwildwithlove。Inthemidstofhishappiness，acruelknockwasheardbelow，accompaniedbyquickloudtalking，swearing，andshufflingoffeet：youwouldhavethoughtaregimentwasatthedoor。Ohheavens！criedthemarchioness，startingup，andgivingtothehandofPoinsinetonepartingsqueeze。fly——fly，myPoinsinet：

’tisthecolonel——myhusband！Atthis，eachgentlemanofthepartyrose，and，drawinghisrapier，vowedtocuthiswaythroughthecolonelandallhismousquetaires，ordie，ifneedbe，bythesideofPoinsinet。

Thelittlefellowwasobligedtolugouthisswordtoo，andwentshudderingdownstairs，heartilyrepentingofhispassionformarchionesses。Whenthepartyarrivedinthestreet，theyfound，sureenough，adreadfulcompanyofmousquetaires，astheyseemed，readytoopposetheirpassage。Swordscrossed，——torchesblazed。

and，withthemostdreadfulshoutsandimprecations，thecontendingpartiesrushedupononeanother。thefriendsofPoinsinetsurroundingandsupportingthatlittlewarrior，astheFrenchknightsdidKingFrancisatPavia，otherwisethepoorfellowcertainlywouldhavefallendowninthegutterfromfright。

Butthecombatwassuddenlyinterrupted。fortheneighbors，whoknewnothingofthetrickgoingon，andthoughtthebrawlwasreal，hadbeenscreamingwithalltheirmightforthepolice，whobeganaboutthistimetoarrive。Directlytheyappeared，friendsandenemiesofPoinsinetatoncetooktotheirheels。and，inTHIS

partofthetransaction，atleast，ourherohimselfshowedthathewasequaltothelongest-leggedgrenadierthateverranaway。

When，atlast，thoselittlebandylegsofhishadbornehimsafelytohislodgings，allPoinsinet’sfriendscrowdedroundhim，tocongratulatehimonhisescapeandhisvalor。