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Mr。MoffathastranslatedthewholeBibleintothelanguageoftheBechuana，andhasdiligentlystudiedthistongueforthelastforty-
four-years；and，thoughknowingfarmoreofthelanguagethananyofthenativeswhohavebeenrearedontheMission-stationofKuruman，hedoesnotpretendtohavemastereditfullyevenyet。Howevercopiousitmaybeintermsofwhichwedonotfeelthenecessity，itispoorinothers，asinabstractterms，andwordsusedtodescribementaloperations。
Ourthirdday\'smarchendedintheafternoonofthe27thSeptember，1863，atthevillageofChinangaonthebanksofabranchoftheLoangwa。Alarge，roundedmassofgranite，athousandfeethigh，calledNomberume，standontheplainafewmilesoff。Itisquiteremarkable，becauseithassolittlevegetationonit。Severalothergranitichillsstandnearit，ornamentedwithtrees，likemostheightsofthiscountry，andaheapofbluemountainsappearsawayinthenorth。
Theeffectofthepiercingwindsuponthemenhadneverbeengotridof。Severalhadbeenunabletocarryaloadeversinceweascendedtothehighlands；wehadlostone，andanotherpoorladwassoillastocauseusgreatanxiety。Bywaitinginthisvillage，whichwassooldthatitwasfullofvermin，allbecameworse。OurEuropeanfoodwasentirelyexpended，andnativemeal，thoughfinelyground，hassomanysharpangularparticlesinit，thatitbroughtbackdysentery，fromwhichwehadsufferedsomuchinMay。Wecouldscarcelyobtainfoodforthemen。TheheadmanofthisvillageofChinangawasoffinaforayagainstsomepeoplefurthernorthtosupplyslavestothetradersexpectedalongtheslaveroutewehadjustleft；andwassaid，afterhavingexpelledtheinhabitants，tobelivingintheirstockade，anddevouringtheircorn。Theconqueredtribehadpurchasedwhatwascalledapeacebypresentingtheconquerorwiththreewomen。
Thisstateofmattersaffordedusbutapoorprospectoffindingmoreprovisionsinthatdirectionthanwecouldwithgreatdifficultyandatenormouspricesobtainhere。Butneitherwantoffood，dysentery，norslavewarswouldhavepreventedourworkingourwayroundtheLakeinsomeotherdirection，hadwehadtime；butwehadreceivedordersfromtheForeignOfficetotakethe"Pioneer"downtotheseainthepreviousApril。Thesalariesofallthemeninherwerepositively"inanycasetoceasebythe31stofDecember。”
Weweresaidtobeonlytendays\'distantfromLakeBemba。Wemightspeculateonalateriseoftheriver。Amonthorsixweekswouldsecureageographicalfeat，buttherainswerenear。Wehadbeenwarnedbydifferentpeoplethattherainswerecloseathand，andthatweshouldthenbeboggedandunabletotravel。Thefloodintherivermightbeanearlyone，orsosmallinvolumeastogivebutonechanceofthe"Pioneer"descendingtotheocean。TheMakololotoowerebecomingdispiritedbysicknessandwantoffood，andwerenaturallyanxioustobebacktotheirfieldsintimeforsowing。Butinadditiontoallthisandmore，itwasfeltthatitwouldnotbedealinghonestlywiththeGovernment，werewe，forthesakeofalittleeclat，toriskthedetentionofthe"Pioneer"uptheriverduringanotheryear；sowedecidedtoreturn；andthoughwehadafterwardsthemortificationtofindthatweweredetainedtwofullmonthsattheshipwaitingforthefloodwhichweexpectedimmediatelyafterourarrivalthere，thechagrinwaslessenedbyaconsciousnessofhavingactedinafair，honest，above-boardmannerthroughout。
Onthenightofthe29thofSeptemberathiefcametothesleeping-
placeofourmenandstolealegofagoat。Oncomplainingtothedeputyheadman，hesaidthatthethiefhadfled，butwouldbecaught。
Hesuggestedafine，andofferedafowlandhereggs；butwishingthatthethiefaloneshouldbepunished，itwasadvisedthatHE
shouldbefoundandfined。TheMakololothoughtitbesttotakethefowlasameansofmakingthepunishmentcertain。AftersettlingthismatteronthelastdayofSeptember，wecommencedourreturnjourney。Wehadjustthesametimetogobacktotheship，thatwehadspentincomingtothispoint，andthereisnotmuchtointerestoneinmarchingoverthesamegroundasecondtime。
Whileonourjourneynorth-west，acheeryoldwoman，whohadoncebeenbeautiful，butwhosewhitehairnowcontrastedstronglywithherdarkcomplexion，wasworkingbrisklyinhergardenaswepassed。Sheseemedtoenjoyahale，heartyoldage。Shesaluteduswithwhatelsewherewouldbecalledagoodaddress；and，evidentlyconsciousthatshedeservedtheepithet，"darkbutcomely，"answeredeachofuswithafrank"Yes，mychild。”Anothermotherly-lookingwoman，sittingbyawell，begantheconversationby"YouaregoingtovisitMuazi，andyouhavecomefromafar，haveyounot？"Butingeneralwomenneverspeaktostrangersunlessspokento，soanythingsaidbythemattractsattention。Muazioncepresenteduswithabasketofcorn。Onhintingthatwehadnowifetogrindourcorn，hisbuxomspousestruckinwithroguishglee，andsaid，"Iwillgrinditforyou；andleaveMuazi，toaccompanyandcookforyouinthelandofthesettingsun。”Asarulethewomenaremodestandretiringintheirdemeanour，and，withoutbeingoppressedwithtoil，showagreatdealofindustry。Thecropsneedabouteightmonths\'attention。
Thenwhentheharvestishome，muchlabourisrequiredtoconvertitintofoodasporridge，orbeer。Thecornispoundedinalargewoodenmortar，liketheancientEgyptianone，withapestlesixfeetlongandaboutfourinchesthick。Thepoundingisperformedbytwooreventhreewomenatonemortar。Each，beforedeliveringablowwithherpestle，givesanupwardjerkofthebody，soastoputstrengthintothestroke，andtheykeepexacttime，sothattwopestlesareneverinthemortaratthesamemoment。Themeasuredthud，thud，thud，andthewomenstandingattheirvigorouswork，areassociationsinseparablefromaprosperousAfricanvillage。Bytheoperationofpounding，withtheaidofalittlewater，thehardoutsidescaleorhuskofthegrainisremoved，andthecornismadefitforthemillstone。Themealirritatesthestomachunlessclearedfromthehusk；withoutconsiderableenergyintheoperator，thehusksticksfasttothecorn。Solomonthoughtthatstillmorevigourthanisrequiredtoseparatethehardhuskorbranfromwheatwouldfailtoseparate"afoolfromhisfolly。”"Thoughthoushouldstbrayafoolinamortaramongwheatwithapestle，YETwillnothisfoolishnessdepartfromhim。”Therainbow，insomeparts，iscalledthe"pestleoftheBarimo，"orgods。Boysandgirls，byconstantpracticewiththepestle，areabletoplantstakesinthegroundbyasomewhatsimilaraction，inerectingahut，sodeftlythattheynevermissthefirstholemade。
Letanyonetrybyrepeatedlyjobbingapolewithallhisforcetomakeadeepholeintheground，andhewillunderstandhowdifficultitisalwaystostrikeitintothesamespot。
Asweweresleepingonenightoutsideahut，butnearenoughtohearwhatwasgoingonwithin，ananxiousmotherbegantogrindhercornabouttwoo\'clockinthemorning。"Ma，"inquiredalittlegirl，"whygrindinthedark？"Mammaadvisedsleep，andadministeredmaterialforasweetdreamtoherdarling，bysaying，"Igrindmealtobuyaclothfromthestrangers，whichwillmakeyoulookalittlelady。”
Anobserveroftheseprimitiveracesisstruckcontinuallywithsuchlittletrivialtouchesofgenuinehumannature。
Themillconsistsofablockofgranite，syenite，orevenmicaschist，fifteenoreighteeninchessquareandfiveorsixthick，withapieceofquartzorotherhardrockaboutthesizeofahalfbrick，onesideofwhichhasaconvexsurface，andfitsintoaconcavehollowinthelargerandstationarystone。Theworkwomankneeling，graspsthisuppermillstonewithbothhands，andworksitbackwardsandforwardsinthehollowofthelowermillstone，inthesamewaythatabakerworkshisdough，whenpressingitandpushingfromhim。
Theweightofthepersonisbroughttobearonthemovablestone，andwhileitispressedandpushedforwardsandbackwards，onehandsupplieseverynowandthenalittlegraintobethusatfirstbruisedandthengroundonthelowerstone，whichisplacedontheslopesothatthemealwhengroundfallsontoaskinormatspreadforthepurpose。Thisisperhapsthemostprimitiveformofmill，andanteriortothatinorientalcountries，wheretwowomengrindatonemill，andmayhavebeenthatusedbySarahofoldwhensheentertainedtheAngels。
On2ndOctoberweappliedtoMuaziforguidestotakeusstraightdowntoChinsamba\'satMosapo，andthuscutoffanangle，whichweshouldotherwisemake，bygoingbacktoKota-kotaBay。HerepliedthathispeopleknewtheshortwaytoChinsamba\'sthatwedesiredtogo，butthattheyallwereafraidtoventurethere，onaccountoftheZulus，orMazitu。Wethereforestartedbackonouroldroute，and，afterthreehours\'march，foundsomeBabisainavillagewhopromisedtoleadustoChinsamba。
Wemeetwiththesekeentraderseverywhere。Theyareeasilyknownbyalineofhorizontalcicatrices，eachhalfaninchlong，downthemiddleoftheforeheadandchin。Theyoftenwearthehaircollectedinamassontheupperandbackpartofthehead，whileitisallshavenofftheforeheadandtemples。TheBabisaandWaiauorAjawaheadshavemoreoftheroundbullet-shapethanthoseoftheManganja，indicatingamarkeddifferenceincharacter；theformerpeoplebeinggreattradersandtravellers，thelatterbeingattachedtohomeandagriculture。TheManganjausuallyintrusttheirivorytotheBabisatobesoldattheCoast，andcomplainthatthereturnsmadenevercomeuptothehighpriceswhichtheyhearsomuchaboutbeforeitissent。Infact，bythetimetheBabisareturn，theexpensesofthejourney，inwhichtheyoftenspendamonthortwoataplacewherefoodabounds，usuallyeatupalltheprofits。
Ournewcompanionsweretradingintobacco，andhadcollectedquantitiesoftheroundballs，aboutthesizeofninepoundershot，intowhichitisformed。Oneofthemownedawoman，whosechildhadbeensoldthatmorningfortobacco。Themotherfollowedhim，weepingsilently，forhoursalongthewaywewent；sheseemedtobewellknown，foratseveralhamlets，thewomenspoketoherwithevidentsympathy；wecoulddonothingtoalleviatehersorrow——thechildwouldbekeptuntilsomeslave-traderpassed，andthensoldforcalico。Thedifferentcasesofslave-tradingobservedbyusarementioned，inordertogiveafairideaofitsdetails。
Wespentthefirstnight，afterleavingtheslaveroute，atthevillageofNkoma，amongasectionofManganja，calledMachewa，orMacheba，whosedistrictextendstotheBua。
ThenextvillageatwhichwesleptwasalsothatofaManganjasmith。
Itwasabeautifulspot，shadedwithtalleuphorb
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